| 南充市小麦条锈病综合防控技术研究 |
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| 引用本文： | 彭昌家.南充市小麦条锈病综合防控技术研究[J].农学学报,2015,5(6):59-64. |
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| 作者姓名： | 彭昌家 |
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| 作者单位： | 淳安县植保土肥站,桐庐县农业技术推广中心,桐庐县农业技术推广中心,杭州市植保土肥总站,杭州市植保土肥总站,杭州市植保土肥总站 |
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| 摘 要： | 为了控制条锈病为害,减少农药污染、防治成本和菌源传出数量,确保本地、邻近麦区与中国东部主产麦区生产安全和可持续发展。通过采用田间系统监测和普查、小麦品种抗性鉴定、条锈菌生理小种监测、试验示范和气象资料分析等方法,开展了小麦条锈病综合防控技术研究。结果表明,各主栽小麦品种的抗锈性随着种植年限的增加而降低,并逐步淘汰。3~5年更换一次具有不同抗源的主推品种,实现品种合理布局和多抗源品种集团当家,能有效降低条锈病发生为害。首次探明了小麦间作不同作物防治小麦条锈病的效果为14.84%~62.89%,推行药剂拌种、健身栽培,可推迟并减轻条锈病发生为害,降低越冬菌源量和春季流行程度;探明了条锈病最佳防治方案为拔节期、孕穗期和抽穗扬花期各施药1次;探明了几种新药剂防治条锈病效果和25%丙环唑防治条锈病的适宜用量(600~650 m L/hm2)。首次提出了本市小麦条锈病综合治理策略。搞好防治示范片和应急防控,可以显著提高防治效果,并带动大面积防控落实。1999年以来,全市小麦条锈病偏重至大发生频率虽高达81.25%,但通过应用综合防控技术措施,小麦产量实际损失率均控制在2%以下(特大发生的2002年除外),同时减少农药使用量1591 t。
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| 关 键 词： | 杭州市 耕地土壤 农业地貌 肥力变化 |
| 收稿时间： | 2014/12/13 0:00:00 |
| 修稿时间： | 2014/12/31 0:00:00 |
Differences in soil fertility and fertilization countermeasure of cultivated land in different landforms of Hangzhou region |
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| Abstract: | In order to understand the spatial variation in soil fertility of cultivated land in the Hangzhou region, and provide the basis for scientific fertilization, a comparison of differences in pH value, organic matter, total N, available P, available K and CEC of the soils was carried out among four landforms, including plain with water network, coastal plain, valley plain and hilly areas. The results showed that soil acidification in cultivated land in valley plain and hilly area was most obvious in the Hangzhou region. The contents of organic matter and total nitrogen and fertilizer retention capacity (CEC) were significantly lower than those of other areas. Besides the plain with water network, soil available K of the cultivated land was generally low. Soil available P in each of four agricultural landform areas varied greatly, and affected by fertilization. On the whole, fertility of cultivated soil in water net plain is the highest in the region. Some fertilization countermeasures for each of agricultural landform areas were put forward. It was important to increase input of organic fertilizers and improve basic fertility of the cultivated land in the coastal plain. Soil testing and fertilization was an important work in the plain with water network, and application rate of fertilizers should be determined according to the actual status of soil nutrient. Using limestone to decrease soil acidity and appropriately increase the dosage of potassium fertilizer should be available ways to modify soil quality of the cultivated land in valley plain and hilly areas. |
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| Keywords: | Hangzhou region cultivated soil agricultural landform fertility variation |
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