| 香港牡蛎幼虫运动、耗氧率、摄食率及趋光性研究 |
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| 引用本文： | 张兴志,官俊良,何苹萍,张立,李蔚,马元,韦嫔媛,彭金霞.香港牡蛎幼虫运动、耗氧率、摄食率及趋光性研究[J].南方农业学报,2022,53(8):2350-2358. |
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| 作者姓名： | 张兴志 官俊良 何苹萍 张立 李蔚 马元 韦嫔媛 彭金霞 |
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| 作者单位： | 广西水产科学研究院/广西水产遗传育种与健康养殖重点实验室, 广西南宁 530021 |
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| 基金项目： | 国家现代农业（贝类）产业技术体系建设项目（CARS-49）；广西重点研发计划项目（桂科AB21196030）；广西水产遗传育种与健康养殖重点实验室自主研发项目（23-A-01-03） |
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| 摘 要： | 【目的】测定香港牡蛎幼虫的运动速度、耗氧率、摄食率及趋光性等关键参数，为指导牡蛎人工育苗的集约化、精准化管理提供参考。【方法】通过莱卡显微镜和显微数码测量分析系统记录不同发育时期的香港牡蛎幼虫面盘直径和运动速度。通过静水系统试验测定不同发育时期的香港牡蛎幼虫单个个体的耗氧率和摄食率。通过不同光色诱集效果试验测定不同发育时期牡蛎幼虫的趋光效应。最后分析上述参数与生长性状 （即壳高）的相关性。【结果】香港牡蛎幼虫的运动速度为550~7500 μm/s，幼虫运动速度随壳高增高而增加，但当接近变态时，幼虫的运动速度则下降，幼虫壳高与运动速度相关方程为y=-0.0043x2+27.992x-1002.6， R2=0.9892。随着幼虫壳高增高，面盘直径也逐渐增大。幼虫壳高与面盘直径的线性关系为y=0.7867x-11.412， R2=0.9519。随着幼虫壳高增高，其耗氧率逐渐增加，单个幼虫的耗氧率为0.67~6.45 ng/h。香港牡蛎幼虫摄食率随着幼虫壳高增高呈先上升后下降的变化趋势，单个幼虫的摄食率范围为35~660 cells/h。不同发育阶段的牡蛎幼虫趋光性存在明显差异， D形幼虫趋向于白光［（29.47±5.75） %］、蓝光［（20.24±7.21） %］和紫光［（19.94±3.90） %］，壳顶幼虫趋向于白光［（24.88±7.54） %］、绿光［（24.10±8.31） %］和蓝光［（22.05±4.26） %］，眼点幼虫则趋向于蓝光［（37.80±4.59） %］、白光［（19.95±5.33） %］和绿光［（15.85±2.17） %］，但不同发育时期的牡蛎幼虫趋向于红光的比例最低。【结论】香港牡蛎幼虫的运动速度、耗氧率、摄食率与生长性状存在不同程度的相关性；白光、蓝光和绿光对香港牡蛎幼虫有一定的吸引作用，红光具有诱导香港牡蛎幼虫沉降的作用，为其人工育苗过程中幼虫的精准化培育管理、确定幼虫最优饵料投喂量提供依据，也为设施化高密度育苗设施构建提供参考。
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| 关 键 词： | 香港牡蛎 幼虫运动 面盘直径 耗氧率 摄食率 趋光性 |
| 收稿时间： | 2021-11-21 |
Analysis of motion speed，oxygen consumption rate，feeding rate and phototropism of Crassostrea hongkongensis larvae |
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| ZHANG Xing-zhi,GUAN Jun-liang,HE Ping-ping,ZHANG Li,LI Wei,MA Yuan,WEI Pin-yuan,PENG Jin-xia.Analysis of motion speed，oxygen consumption rate，feeding rate and phototropism of Crassostrea hongkongensis larvae[J].Journal of Southern Agriculture,2022,53(8):2350-2358. |
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| Authors: | ZHANG Xing-zhi GUAN Jun-liang HE Ping-ping ZHANG Li LI Wei MA Yuan WEI Pin-yuan PENG Jin-xia |
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| Affiliation: | Guangxi Academy of Fisheries Sciences/Guangxi Key Laboratory of Aquatic Genetic Breeding and Healthy Aquaculture, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, China |
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| Abstract: | 【Objective】 To study the key parameters such as motion speed，oxygen consumption rate，feeding rate and phototropism of Crassostrea hongkongensis larvae，in order to provide references for the intensive and precise management of the artificial breeding of oysters.【Method】 The velum diameter and motion speed of C.hongkongensis larvae at different developmental stages were recorded using a Leica microscope and a micro-digital measurement and analysis system.The oxygen consumption rate and feeding rate of individual C.hongkongensis larvae of different sizes were measured by a hydrostatic test.The phototropism of oyster larvae at different developmental stages was detected according to the attractive effect of different light colors.Finally，the correlations between the above parameters and growth traits（i.e.，shell height）were analyzed.【Result】 The motion speed of C.hongkongensis larvae was 550-7500 μm/s，and it increased with the increase in shell height but decreased when the larvae approached metamorphosis.The correlation equation between shell height and motion speed was y=-0.0043x2+27.992x-1002.6，R2=0.9892.The velum diameter of larvae also gradually increased with the increase in shell height，and their linear relationship could be described as y=0.7867x-11.412，R2=0.9519.Moreover，with the increase in shell height，the oxygen consumption rate gradually rose，reaching 0.67-6.45 ng/h in a single larva.The feeding rate of larvae first rose and then declined with the increase in shell height，ranging from 35-660 cells/h.Furthermore，the phototropism of larvae differed at different developmental stages.Specifically，D-shaped larvae had tendencies to grow towards white［（29.47 ±5.75）%］，blue［（20.24 ±7.21）%］and purple lights［（19.94 ±3.90）%］，umbo larvae towards white［（24.88±7.54）%］，green［（24.10±8.31）%］and blue lights［（22.05±4.26）%］，and eye-spot larvae towards blue［（37.80±4.59）%］，white［（19.95±5.33）%］and green lights［（15.85±2.17）%］.However，the proportion of larvae tending towards red light was the lowest at all developmental stages.【Conclusion】 The motion speed，oxygen consumption rate and oxygen consumption rate of C.hongkongensis larvae are associated with growth traits to varying degrees.White，blue and green lights attract C.hongkongensis larvae to some extent，whereas red light can induce their settling.The findings of this study provide the bases for the establishment of a more precise cultivation and management process of larvae in artificial oyster breeding，including the determination of the optimal bait feeding rates for larvae，and offers data support for the construction of intensive breeding facilities. |
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