| 有机肥和品种互作对土壤微生物群落及雪茄烟叶生长和产量的影响 |
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| 引用本文： | 李虹,高华军,吕洪坤,林北森.有机肥和品种互作对土壤微生物群落及雪茄烟叶生长和产量的影响[J].南方农业学报,2022,53(6):1552-1559. |
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| 作者姓名： | 李虹 高华军 吕洪坤 林北森 |
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| 作者单位： | 中国烟草总公司海南省公司海口雪茄研究所, 海南海口 571100 |
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| 基金项目： | 中国烟草总公司重大专项[110202101013(XJ-05)]中国烟草总公司海南省公司重点科技项目(2020001) |
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| 摘 要： | 【目的】揭示有机肥和雪茄烟叶品种互作对土壤微生物群落数量及烟叶生长和产量的影响，为改善国内雪茄植烟土壤管理及提高雪茄烟叶产量和品质提供参考。【方法】以2个古巴雪茄烟叶品种KS01 （V01）和KS02 （V02）为试验材料，设有机肥常规用量1500 kg/ha （C1500）和高施用量2250 kg/ha （C2250） 2个处理，测定并分析土壤可培养微生物群落数量及烟叶叶绿素含量（SPAD值）、叶片长宽和叶面积、成熟叶鲜重和晾制后干物质重量等指标。【结果】与有机肥常规用量处理相比，高施用量条件下雪茄烟叶成熟期红壤中可培养微生物细菌群落数量显著增加（P<0.05，下同），土壤细菌发展为最具优势的微生物群落，而真菌群落则演变为土壤最弱势的微生物群落。增施有机肥可促进雪茄烟叶叶绿素合成，对于同一部位烟叶，均以V01×C2250互作处理的SPAD值最高。有机肥高施用量还显著促进雪茄烟叶生长，V01品种对有机肥处理响应度较高，V01×C2250处理组合成熟烟叶的产量指标（长度、宽度、鲜重、干物质重量）均优于所有处理的平均值。【结论】有机肥高施用量可优化雪茄植烟土壤微生物性质，促进雪茄烟叶叶绿素合成、烟叶伸长变宽，并提高雪茄烟叶干物质重量。V01品种对有机肥响应度更高，采用有机肥与优良雪茄烟叶品种配套的技术方法才能发挥促进土壤管理和提升雪茄烟叶产质的潜力。
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| 关 键 词： | 雪茄 有机肥 品种 土壤微生物 叶绿素含量 叶面积 生物量 |
| 收稿时间： | 2021-11-29 |
Interactions of organic fertilizers and varieties on soil microbial communities and cigar tobacco leaf growth and yield |
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| LI Hong,GAO Hua-jun,LYU Hong-kun,LIN Bei-sen.Interactions of organic fertilizers and varieties on soil microbial communities and cigar tobacco leaf growth and yield[J].Journal of Southern Agriculture,2022,53(6):1552-1559. |
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| Authors: | LI Hong GAO Hua-jun LYU Hong-kun LIN Bei-sen |
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| Affiliation: | Haikou Cigar Research Institute, Hainan Provincial Branch of China National Tobacco Corporation, Haikou, Hainan 571100, China |
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| Abstract: | 【Objective】To reveal effects of organic fertilizer and cigar tobacco variety interaction on number of soil microbial communities and growth and yield of tobacco leaf，and to provide reference for improving domestic cigar tobacco soil management and cigar leaf yield and quality.【Method】Two Cuban cigar tobacco leaf varieties KS01（V01）and KS02（V02）were taken as test materials，and the application rate of organic fertilizers were consist of conventional input at 1500 kg/ha（C1500）and a high rate of 2250 kg/ha（C2250）to set 2 treatments.Cultivable microbial community populations in soil，tobacco leaf chlorophyll（SPAD values），leaf length and width，leaf areas，matured leaf weight and dry yields after curing and other indicators were measured.【Result】Compared with soil treated with conventional input rate，red soil treated with a larger amount of organic fertilizer had significantly more cultivable microbial bacterial communities at cigar tobacco leaf maturity（P<0.05，the same below）.The soil bacteria became dominant microbial community，however，the fungal community turned into the weakest microbial community.Increased application of organic fertilizer could promote chlorophyll synthesis in cigar tobacco leaves，as the SPAD values at the combined treatment of V01×C2250 were all the highest levels for the same part of tobacco leaves.High input rate of organic fertilizer could also significantly promote the growth of cigar tobacco leaves，and variety V01 responded greatly to treatments combining organic fertilizer and variety，with all yield quality indicators（length，width，leaf areas，fresh biomass，dry matter and weight）of mature tobacco leaves V01×C2250 higher than mean values of all treatments.【Conclusion】Higher input of organic fertilizer can improve soil microbial properties to promote cigar tobacco leaf chlorophyll synthesis，leaf elongation and widening and dry matter weight.V01 variety is more responsive to organic fertilizer than the V02 is.Technique of combining organic fertilizer with excellent cigar tobacco leaf varieties has the potential to promote soil management and improve cigar tobacco leaf production. |
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