| 青狮潭水库主要鱼类的空间生态位 |
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| 引用本文： | 徐浩,陈建林,桂良英,承亚男,刘昊,苏琼源,陈中兵,黄亮亮.青狮潭水库主要鱼类的空间生态位[J].南方农业学报,2022,53(12):3558-3567. |
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| 作者姓名： | 徐浩 陈建林 桂良英 承亚男 刘昊 苏琼源 陈中兵 黄亮亮 |
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| 作者单位： | 1 桂林理工大学环境科学与工程学院, 广西桂林 541004;2 广西环境污染控制理论与技术重点实验室, 广西桂林 541004;3 广西岩溶地区水污染控制与用水安全保障协同创新中心, 广西桂林 541004;4 捷克布拉格生命科学大学环境科学学院, 捷克布拉格 16500 |
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| 基金项目： | 国家自然科学基金项目（U20A2087）；广西重点研发计划项目（桂科AB22035050）；教育部春晖计划项目（教外司人文〔2020〕703号） |
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| 摘 要： | 【目的】阐明青狮潭水库主要鱼类在空间上竞争的种间关系，明确主要鱼类与环境因子的关联性，为青狮潭水库的水环境治理及渔业资源的保护和可持续利用提供参考依据。【方法】根据2020年7月（丰水期）和2021年1月（枯水期）青狮潭水库的渔业资源调查数据，采用相对重要性指数（IRI）确定各种鱼类的重要程度，通过平均拥挤度（x*）、Shannon指数及Pianka指数分析主要鱼类的生态位宽度（Bij）和生态位重叠（Qij），并以冗余分析（RDA）和去趋势对应分析（DCA）探究鱼类群落与环境因子的相关性。【结果】青狮潭水库丰水期、枯水期的主要鱼类分别有16和13种，其中，丰水期以高体鳑鲏、、齐氏罗非鱼、斑鳜和尼罗罗非鱼为优势种，枯水期以鲫、马口鱼、高体鳑鲏、斑鳜和鲤为优势种。青狮潭水库丰水期、枯水期主要鱼类的Bij范围是0.11~1.58和0.04~1.64，其中，广生态位种（Bij≥2.0）丰水期为齐氏罗非鱼、枯水期为，丰水期中生态位种（2.0>Bij≥1.0）有5种、枯水期有8种，丰水期窄生态位种（1.0>Bij>0）有10种、枯水期有4种。丰水期和枯水期主要鱼类的Qij差异明显，其中，丰水期Qij显著的种对有41对，占总种对数的34.17%，重叠程度相对较高；枯水期主要鱼类重叠程度较低，种对间Qij显著的只有19对，占总种对数的24.36%。RDA分析结果显示，水深和总磷是影响青狮潭水库主要鱼类生态位分化的直接因素，主要鱼类受这些环境因子的影响表现出较明显的生态位分化现象。【结论】不同季节和空间下青狮潭水库不同食性鱼类的生态位存在明显差异。无论丰水期还是枯水期，杂食性鱼类的Bij都较大，即杂食性鱼类较其他食性鱼类占据更广的生态位，且杂食性鱼类与植食性鱼类存在较强的竞争关系。
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| 关 键 词： | 鱼类 相对重要性指数 平均拥挤度 生态位宽度 生态位重叠 青狮潭水库 |
| 收稿时间： | 2022-05-10 |
Spatial niche of major fishes in Qingshitan Reservoir |
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| XU Hao,CHEN Jian-lin,GUI Liang-ying,CHENG Ya-nan,LIU Hao,SU Qiong-yuan,CHEN Zhong-bing,HUANG Liang-liang.Spatial niche of major fishes in Qingshitan Reservoir[J].Journal of Southern Agriculture,2022,53(12):3558-3567. |
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| Authors: | XU Hao CHEN Jian-lin GUI Liang-ying CHENG Ya-nan LIU Hao SU Qiong-yuan CHEN Zhong-bing HUANG Liang-liang |
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| Affiliation: | 1 College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin, Guangxi 541004, China;2 Guangxi Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control Theory and Technology, Guilin, Guangxi 541004, China;3 Guangxi Collaborative Innovation Center for Water Pollution Control and Water Safety in Karst Areas, Guilin, Guangxi 541004, China;4 Faculty of Environmental Sciences, Czech University of Life Sciences, Prague 16500, Czech |
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| Abstract: | 【Objective】 To elucidate and study interspecies relationship between the main fishes competing spatially in the Qingshitan Reservoir, clarify the correlation between the main fishes and environmental factors, and provide a reference basis for the water environment management and fishery resources protection and sustainable utilization in the Qingshitan Reservoir.【Method】 Based on data of fishery resources survey in the Qingshitan Reservoir in July 2020(flood season) and January 2021(dry season), the index of relative importance(IRI) was used to determine the importance of various fishes. Spatial niche breadth(Bij) and niche overlap(Qij) of major fishes were examined using the mean crowding (x*), Shannon, and Pianka indexes, and correlation between fish communities and environmental factors was explored by redundancy analysis(RDA) and detrended correspondence analysis(DCA).【Result】 In flood season and dry season of Qingshitan Reservoir, there were 16 and 13 major fish species, respectively. In flood season, dominant species were Rhodeus ocellatus, Hemiculter leucisculus, Coptodon zillii, Sinipercas cherzeri and Oreochromis niloticus;in dry season, the dominant species were Carassius auratus, Opsariichthys bidens, Rhodeus ocellatus, S. cherzeri and Cyprinus carpio. Niche breadth of major fish species in flood season and dry season were 0.11-1.58 and 0.04-1.64, respectively. C. zillii was the wide-niche species(Bij ≥ 2.0) in flood season, and H. leucisculus in dry season. There were 5 medium-niche species(2.0>Bij ≥ 1.0) in flood season and 8 species in dry season, whereas there were 10 narrow-niche species(1.0>Bij> 0) in flood season and 4 species in dry season. The degree of Qij was different obviously in the two seasons. There were 41 pairs of species with significant Qij in flood season, accounting for 34.17% of the total number of pairs, with a relatively high overlap degree. Conversely, the major fish species overlap degree in dry season was low, with 19 pairs of species with significant overlap, accounting for only 24.36% of the total number of pairs. RDA showed that depth and total phosphorus(TP) were the factors directly affecting the distribution of the major fish species, which exhibited obvious niche differentiation.【Conclusion】 Obvious differences are found in spatial niche of different feeding fishes in Qingshitan Reservoir at different seasons and places. Whether in flood season or dry season, the Bij of omnivorous fishes is large, that is, omnivorous fishes occupy a wider ecological niche than other predatory fishes do, and omnivorous fishes have a strong competition relationship with herbivorous fishes. |
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