| 广西花生产业现状分析及其发展建议 |
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| 引用本文： | 蒋菁,贺梁琼,韩柱强,严华兵,覃夏燕,甘秀芹,刘菁,唐荣华,钟瑞春.广西花生产业现状分析及其发展建议[J].南方农业学报,2021,52(6):1460-1467. |
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| 作者姓名： | 蒋菁 贺梁琼 韩柱强 严华兵 覃夏燕 甘秀芹 刘菁 唐荣华 钟瑞春 |
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| 作者单位： | 广西农业科学院经济作物研究所, 南宁 530007 |
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| 基金项目： | 广西自然科学基金项目（2018GXNSFAA281079）；国家花生产业技术体系（华南区域高产栽培）建设专项（CARS-13）；广西农业科学院基本科研业务专项（桂农科2021YT052） |
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| 摘 要： | 【目的】调研剖析广西花生产业现状及存在的主要问题，为优化广西花生产业布局、提升花生产品竞争力及推动产业可持续发展提供参考依据。【方法】2017—2019年通过对广西14个地级市的花生种植面积、区域分布、栽培品种、产量、种植收益，以及花生加工企业原料来源、产品品牌建设、加工规模及销售等情况进行调研，综合分析广西花生产业现状，找出产业发展中存在的主要问题，并针对性地提出对策建议。【结果】广西属于我国南方春秋两熟、油食兼用的花生产区，各地市均有种植，普遍采用轮作或套种等种植方式。根据广西花生种植集中区域的地理位置，主要分为五大产区:桂南花生产区（南宁市和崇左市），桂中花生产区（来宾市和贵港市），桂北花生产区（桂林市），桂东花生产区（贺州市和梧州市），南部沿海花生产区（北海市、钦州市和防城港市）。2019年广西花生种植面积21.85万ha，总产量67.20万t，65%用于榨油、25%用于食用、10%作种用。广西花生生育期短，适应性广，种植效益高，但种植机械化水平较低，属劳动密集型产业，以农户自给自足生产为主，无机械干燥设备，花生品质受天气影响较大，且不同年份或种植户间的花生品质差异明显；广西花生加工产品主要是花生油和烤果类，由于本地生产的花生收购价格高，加工企业生产原料主要来源于其他省份或从国外进口，无法有效带动广西花生种植业的快速发展。【建议】加大政策扶持力度，优化产业布局；发挥区域优势，形成区域特色；加强基础研究，促进产学研联合攻关；加速新技术、新品种推广；提高花生生产机械化水平，降低生产成本；建立农民专业合作社，以龙头企业带动产业发展，从而实现广西花生产业的健康持续发展。
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| 关 键 词： | 花生 产业 发展现状 存在问题 对策建议 广西 |
| 收稿时间： | 2020-10-23 |
Development status and countermeasures of peanut industry in Guangxi |
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| JIANG Jing,HE Liang-qiong,HAN Zhu-qiang,YAN Hua-bing,QIN Xia-yan,GAN Xiu-qin,LIU Jing,TANG Rong-hua,ZHONG Rui-chun.Development status and countermeasures of peanut industry in Guangxi[J].Journal of Southern Agriculture,2021,52(6):1460-1467. |
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| Authors: | JIANG Jing HE Liang-qiong HAN Zhu-qiang YAN Hua-bing QIN Xia-yan GAN Xiu-qin LIU Jing TANG Rong-hua ZHONG Rui-chun |
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| Affiliation: | Cash Crops Research Institute, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning 530007, China |
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| Abstract: | 【Objective】By researching and analyzing to the development status and main problems of peanut industry in Guangxi, reference would be provided to optimize the layout of peanut industry, and to improve the competitiveness of peanut products, and to promote the sustainable development of the industry.【Method】Some peanut industry traits in 14 prefecture-level cities in Guangxi, such as peanut planting area, regional distribution, varieties, output, benefits, source of raw materials of peanut processing enterprises, product brands, processing size, sell, were investigated from 2017 to 2019 to find out the main problems and situation of peanut industry, and to put forward corresponding countermeasures and suggestions.【Result】Guangxi is a peanut producing area in southern China with double cropping in spring and autumn, in which peanut is dual-purposed for food and edible oil. Peanut is planted in every prefecture and city by rotation or intercropping. According to the location, five main planting regions were divided in Guangxi:southern Guangxi peanut production areas(Nanning and Chongzuo), and central Guangxi peanut production areas(Laibin and Guigang), and northern Guangxi peanut production areas(Guilin), and eastern Guangxi peanut production areas(Hezhou and Wuzhou), and southern coastal peanut production areas(Beihai, Qinzhou, and Fangchengang). In 2019, the planting area of peanut in Guangxi was 218500 ha, with a total yield of 672000 t, 65% for oil extraction, 25% for food and 10% for seed. In Guangxi, the peanut was short for period of duration, wide for adaptability, and high for benefits, but the mechanization level of planting was low, which was labor-intensive. The farmers planted peanut mainly for their own need. Without mechanical drying equipment, the quality of peanut was greatly affected by the weather, and varieds greatly among different growers and different years. The products of peanut processing enterprises in Guangxi were mainly peanut oil and roasted pod. Because the price of local peanut was high, the processed raw materials mainly came from other provinces or foreign countries. The above mentioned factors have seriously restricted the sustainable development of peanut industry in Guangxi.【Conclusion】Increase policy support and optimize industrial layout;give play to regional advantages and form regional characteristics;basic research ought to be strengthened and joint efforts among enterprises, universities and research institutes are made to solve key problems. Strengthening the promotion of new technologies and new varieties;raise peanut production mechanization level to reduce production cost;establish farmers' professional cooperatives, and drive development of the peanut industry by leading enterprises, so as to realize the healthy and sustainable development of peanut industry in Guangxi. |
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