| 双季早稻养分积累分配特征及其与产量构成的相关性 |
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| 引用本文： | 李宇飞,方希林,刘玉喜,刘鹏,杨文菊,王悦,陈光辉.双季早稻养分积累分配特征及其与产量构成的相关性[J].热带作物学报,2022,43(7):1431-1439. |
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| 作者姓名： | 李宇飞 方希林 刘玉喜 刘鹏 杨文菊 王悦 陈光辉 |
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| 作者单位： | 湖南农业大学农学院,湖南长沙 410128 |
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| 基金项目： | 国家重点研发计划项目(No.2016YFD0300509)；;湖南省自然科学基金项目(No.2020JJ4360)； |
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| 摘 要： | 三熟制模式下南方双季稻茬口衔接季节紧张是协调双季稻周年增产中存在的主要问题。虽然前人在三熟制模式下水稻品种搭配以及肥料利用率方面做了大量研究,但是三熟制模式下南方双季早稻产量及其养分积累分配相关性的研究鲜有报道。为了比较南方双季早稻养分积累分配特征,本文以15个水稻早稻品种为研究对象,对不同水稻品种的秧苗素质、基本苗及分蘖动态、经济性状、营养元素积累及分配、产量及产量构成因素进行比较分析。结果表明,不同品种间秧苗素质存在显著差异,‘株两优819’的叶龄、苗高、百株鲜重等多项指标优于其他品种,秧苗素质表现佳。分蘖动态调查表明不同品种达到分蘖峰值的时间不同,其中以‘株两优929’的高峰苗最大,1 hm2达616.65万茎蘖数,‘株两优929’与‘中早39’高峰苗差异最为显著,‘株两优929’较‘中早39’显著增加33.62%。氮、磷、钾总养分的积累方面,‘株两优929’和‘陵两优942’养分积累量显著高于其他品种,分别为311.88 kg/hm2和376.35 kg/hm2。‘陵两优942’的地上部干物质积累量最高,为12 028.09 kg/hm2。‘株两优929’的实际产量最高,为7873.01 kg/hm2。成熟期水稻品种养分积累量与子粒产量的相关性分析表明,氮、磷积累与有效穗均呈显著正相关（r=0.62*,r=0.50*）,株高与千粒重之间呈极显著正相关（r=0.80**）,有效穗数与每穗粒数之间呈极显著负相关（r=-0.76**）,结实率与千粒重之间呈极显著负相关（r=-0.68**）。通过关联度分析表明,‘陵两优942’和‘株两优929’的综合表现明显优于其他品种。本研究对南方多熟制稻区早稻品种筛选及高效栽培具有重要意义。
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| 关 键 词： | 三熟制 早稻 养分积累 产量构成 |
| 收稿时间： | 2021-11-29 |
Characteristics of Nutrient Accumulation Distribution and Correlation with Yield Components in Southern Double-season Early Rice Areas under Triple Maturity Pattern |
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| LI Yufei,FANG Xilin,LIU Yuxi,LIU Peng,YANG Wenju,WANG Yue,CHEN Guanghui.Characteristics of Nutrient Accumulation Distribution and Correlation with Yield Components in Southern Double-season Early Rice Areas under Triple Maturity Pattern[J].Chinese Journal of Tropical Crops,2022,43(7):1431-1439. |
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| Authors: | LI Yufei FANG Xilin LIU Yuxi LIU Peng YANG Wenju WANG Yue CHEN Guanghui |
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| Affiliation: | College of Agronomy, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan 410128, China |
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| Abstract: | The tight season of southern double-crop rice stubble convergence under the triple-maturity model is the main problem in coordinating the double-crop rice annual yield increase. Although many previous studies have been done on rice variety pairing and fertilizer utilization under the triple maturity model, few studies have been reported on the correlation between the yield of southern double-season early rice and its nutrient accumulation distribution under the triple maturity model. In order to compare the nutrient accumulation and distribution characteristics of southern double-season early rice, 15 early rice varieties were studied in this paper, and the seedling quality, basic seedling and tiller dynamics, economic traits, nutrient accumulation and distribution, yield and yield components of different rice varieties were compared and analyzed. The results showed that there were significant differences in seedling quality among different varieties, and the leaf age, seedling height and fresh weight of 100 plants of Zhuliangyou 819 were better than those of other varieties, and the seedling quality performed well. The tiller dynamics survey showed that different varieties reached the peak of tillering at different times, among which the peak seedling of ‘Zhuliangyou 929’ was the largest, reaching 6 166 500 stems/hm2, and the difference between the peak seedling of ‘Zhuliangyou 929’ and ‘Zhongzao 39’ was the most significant, with ‘Zhuliangyou 929’ significantly increasing 33.62% compared with ‘Zhongzao 39’. Regarding the accumulation of total nutrients of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium, the accumulation of nutrients of ‘Zhuliangyou 929’ and ‘Linliangyou 942’ was significantly higher than that of other varieties, 311.88 kg/hm2 and 376.35 kg/hm2respectively. The above-ground dry matter accumulation of ‘Lingliangyou 942’ was the highest, at 12 028.09 kg/hm2. The highest actual yield of 7873.01 kg/hm2 was recorded for ‘Zhuliangyou 929’. The correlation analysis between nutrient accumulation and grain yield of rice varieties at maturity showed that there was a significant positive correlation between nitrogen and phosphorus accumulation and effective spike (r = 0.62*, r = 0.50*), a highly significant positive correlation between plant height and thousand grain weight (r = 0.80**), a highly significant negative correlation between effective spike number and grain number per spike (r = ?0.76**), and a highly significant negative correlation between fruit set and thousand grain weight (r = ?0.76**). (r = ?0.68**). The correlation analysis showed that the overall performance of ‘Lingliangyou 942’ and ‘Zhuliangyou 929’ was significantly better than that of the other varieties. This study has important implications for the screening and efficient cultivation of early rice varieties in southern multi-maturity rice areas. |
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| Keywords: | triple maturity pattern early rice nutrient accumulation yield components |
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