|
|||||
|
|
| 缓释肥侧位深施及用量对油菜产量和肥料利用率的影响 | |
| 引用本文： | 吕伟生, 肖小军, 肖国滨, 黄天宝, 肖富良, 李亚贞, 韩德鹏, 郑伟. 缓释肥侧位深施及用量对油菜产量和肥料利用率的影响[J]. 农业工程学报, 2020, 36(19): 19-29. DOI: 10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2020.19.003 |
| 作者姓名： | 吕伟生 肖小军 肖国滨 黄天宝 肖富良 李亚贞 韩德鹏 郑伟 |
| 作者单位： | 1.江西省红壤研究所/国家红壤改良工程技术研究中心/江西省红壤耕地保育重点实验室/农业农村部江西耕地保育科学观测实验站，南昌 330046 |
| 基金项目： | 江西省重点研发计划（20181BBF60004、20181ACF60015）；国家公益性行业（农业）科研专项（201503123）； 国家油菜产业技术体系建设专项（CARS-12）和江西省油菜产业技术体系专项（JXARS-08） |
| 摘 要： | 为明确红壤稻田直播油菜缓释肥(N-P2O5-K2O:25-7-8)侧位深施效果及适宜用量,该研究连续2 a在两熟制和三熟制2种种植模式下开展缓释肥侧位深施效果对比试验(设置不施肥、土表撒施和侧位深施3个施肥方式)和施用量试验(设置0、300、450、600、750和900 kg/hm2共6个施肥水平),研究缓释肥侧位深施及不同用量对油菜产量形成和肥料利用率的影响。结果表明,施肥方式对红壤稻田油菜产量形成和肥料利用率均有显著影响(P<0.05),且对两熟制油菜影响更为显著。相比传统土表撒施,侧位深施显著促进了油菜产量和肥料利用率的提高(P<0.05)。缓释肥侧位深施明显提高了各时期油菜干物质量,尤其是显著增加了初花期至成熟期的干物质积累量(P<0.05),促进了花后根部与地上部干物质同步增长;促进了根系对N、P、K的吸收,提高了油菜产量和肥料利用率。菜籽产量与缓释肥用量呈线性加平台关系,适宜施肥量可保证较大的收获密度,并协同产生较多的每株角果数和每角粒数,从而提高籽粒产量、肥料利用率... |
| 关 键 词： | 机械化 作物 产量 缓释肥 侧深施肥 直播油菜 肥料利用效率 |
| 收稿时间： | 2020-05-28 |
| 修稿时间： | 2020-09-17 |
Effects of lateral deep application and dosage of slow-release fertilizer on yield and fertilizer utilization efficiency of rape (Brassica napus L.) |
|
| Lyu Weisheng, Xiao Xiaojun, Xiao Guobin, Huang Tianbao, XiaoFuliang, Li Yazhen, Han Depeng, Zheng Wei. Effects of lateral deep application and dosage of slow-release fertilizer on yield and fertilizer utilization efficiency of rape (Brassica napus L.)[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering (Transactions of the CSAE), 2020, 36(19): 19-29. DOI: 10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2020.19.003 | |
| Authors: | Lyu Weisheng Xiao Xiaojun Xiao Guobin Huang Tianbao XiaoFuliang Li Yazhen Han Depeng Zheng Wei |
| Affiliation: | 1.Jiangxi Institute of Red Soil/National Engineering and Technology Research Center for Red Soil Improvement/Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Red Soil Arable Land Conservation/Scientific Observation and Experimental Station of Arable Land Conservation in Jiangxi, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Nanchang 330046, China |
| Abstract: | In order to determine the effects of lateral deep application of slow-release fertilizer for direct seeding rapeseed in red soil paddy field, 2 a(2018－2020) field experiments covering two winter rapeseed(late-maturity varieties“Dadi 199” and early-maturity varieties“Zhongyou 607”) were conducted with 3 treatments, including no fertilization(F0), broadcast fertilization on soil surface (F1) and lateral deep application fertilizer(F2). The slow-release fertilizer (N 25%, P2O5 7% and K2O 8%) was used with application rate of 750 kg/hm2 for late-maturity rapeseed and 600 kg/hm2 for early-maturity rapeseed, respectively. At the same time, conventional fertilization experiments were carried out on two rapeseed varieties from 2019 to 2020, and the application levels of slow-release fertilizer were 0, 300, 450, 600, 750 and 900 kg/hm2, respectively. Each treatment was repeated 3 times and arranged in random blocks with a plot area of 10 m × 4 m. During the experiments, the air temperature and precipitation were measured. The harveting density, dry matter, seed yield and yield components were mearued. The absorption, agronomic efficiency, partial factor productivity and contribution rate of N, P and K were calculated. The results showed that the yield and fertilizer use efficiency of rapeseed in red-soil paddyfield were significantly affected by fertilizing methods. Moreover, the differences were more significant (P<0.05) for late-maturity varieties and rainy season(2018-2019) than for early-maturity varieties and drought season (2019－2020). Compared with F1, F2 treatment promoted the yield formation and increased the fertilizer use efficiency significantly (P<0.05). Specifically, the technique of synchronous drilling sowing with side deep fertilizing could improve dry matter production during the whole growth period of rapeseed, especially from anthesis to maturity, and with a corresponding rise of dry matter accumulation of both underground and aboveground after anthesis. At the same time, compared to the conventional cultivation, the technique of synchronous drilling sowing with side deep fertilizing increased the absorption of nutrients(N, P and K), effective harvesting density and maintained sufficient pod numbers, and thus improved the yield and fertilizer use efficiency of rapeseed. The optimal quantity of slow-release fertilizer for late-maturity rapeseed and early-maturity rapeseed were 715.39 and 586.39 kg/hm2 to target yield of 2 438.94 and 1 708.22 kg/hm2, respectively. The study indicated that lateral deep application of appropriate slow-release fertilizer has the potential of improving rapeseed productivity in red-soil paddyfield of southern China and should be suggested to applicate according to the local conditions. |
| Keywords: | mechanization crops yields slow-release fertilizer lateral deep fertilization direct-seeding rapeseed (Brassica napus L.) fertilizer use efficiency |
| 点击此处可从《农业工程学报》浏览原始摘要信息 | |
| 点击此处可从《农业工程学报》下载全文 | |