| 万寿菊秸秆堆肥在缓解烟草连作障碍中的作用 |
| |
| 引用本文： | 黎妍妍,彭五星,张婷,孙玉晓,李锡宏.万寿菊秸秆堆肥在缓解烟草连作障碍中的作用[J].南方农业学报,2022,53(2):451-459. |
| |
| 作者姓名： | 黎妍妍 彭五星 张婷 孙玉晓 李锡宏 |
| |
| 作者单位： | 1 湖北省烟草科学研究院, 武汉 430030;2 恩施州烟草公司宣恩县烟叶分公司, 湖北恩施 445504;3 湖北省烟草质量监督检测站, 武汉 430030 |
| |
| 基金项目： | 中国烟草总公司重大专项;中国烟草总公司湖北省公司科技项目 |
| |
| 摘 要： | 【目的】探索在大田试验条件下万寿菊秸秆堆肥对烟草连作根际土壤理化性状、微生物群落及烟草青枯病发生的影响，为利用万寿菊秸秆堆肥缓解烟草连作障碍提供依据。【方法】试验于2018—2020年进行，设2个处理:即施用1500 kg/ha万寿菊秸秆堆肥处理（FMC）和不施用万寿菊秸秆堆肥对照（CK）。施用万寿菊秸秆堆肥第3年（2020年），于烟叶移栽后50和100 d时采集烟株根际土壤，测定分析土壤理化指标和土壤细菌、真菌群落结构，并调查烟草青枯病发生情况。【结果】与CK相比，FMC处理的土壤pH和有机质含量显著提高（P<0.05，下同），而土壤碱解氮、有效磷和速效钾含量无显著变化（P>0.05）； FMC处理也可显著提高土壤细菌群落Sobs和Chao1指数，而对土壤真菌群落多样性的影响较小。施用万寿菊秸秆堆肥可改善土壤微生物群落结构，提升被孢霉属（Mortierella）、毛壳菌属（Chaetomium）等拮抗菌的相对丰度，而降低劳尔氏菌属（Ralstonia）和镰刀菌属（Fusarium）等病原菌的相对丰度。施用万寿菊秸秆堆肥3年可显著降低烟草青枯病的发病率和病情指数，对烟草青枯病的相对防效为47.72%。【结论】万寿菊秸秆堆肥可改善烟株根际土壤理化性状和微生物群落结构，降低烟草青枯病发病情况，在缓解烟草连作障碍方面具有积极作用。
|
| 关 键 词： | 万寿菊 堆肥 烟草连作 理化性状 微生物群落 |
| 收稿时间： | 2021-09-03 |
Effects of marigold straw compost on alleviating continuous cropping obstacles of tobacco |
| |
| LI Yan-yan,PENG Wu-xing,ZHANG Ting,SUN Yu-xiao,LI Xi-hong.Effects of marigold straw compost on alleviating continuous cropping obstacles of tobacco[J].Journal of Southern Agriculture,2022,53(2):451-459. |
| |
| Authors: | LI Yan-yan PENG Wu-xing ZHANG Ting SUN Yu-xiao LI Xi-hong |
| |
| Affiliation: | 1 Tobacco Research Institute of Hubei Province, Wuhan 430030, China;2 Xuanen Branch Company of Enshi Tobacco Corporation, Enshi, Hubei 445504, China;3 Hubei Tobacco Quality Supervision&Test Centre, Wuhan 430030, China |
| |
| Abstract: | 【Objective】In order to alleviate the continuous cropping obstacles of tobacco,the effects of applying marigold straw compost on the physicochemical properties,rhizospheric microbial community and the occurrence of tobacco bacterial wilt were explored in field experiments.【Method】The experiment was conducted from 2018 to 2020. Marigold straw compost was added each year either at 1500 kg/ha(FMC) or with 0 kg/ha as a control(CK). In the third year of applying marigold straw compost(2020),the samples of rhizosphere soil were collected at 50 and 100 days after tobacco transplanting. The soil physicochemical indexes,soil bacterial and fungal community structures and the occurrence of tobacco bacterial wilt were investigated.【Result】Compared with CK,the application of FMC significantly increased soil pH and organic matter content(P<0.05, the same below),while the contents of alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen,available phosphorus and rapidly available potassium had no significant changes(P>0.05). The application of FMC could also significantly increase the Sobs and Chao1 indices of the soil bacterial community,but little effects on the diversity of the fungal community had been shown. The application of FMC also improved the microbial community structure and increased the relative abundance of some antagonistic fungi(such as Mortierella, Chaetomium),while decreasing the relative abundance of some soil-borne pathogens(such as Ralstonia,Fusarium). The application of FMC for three years significantly reduced the incidence and disease index of tobacco bacterial wilt,and the relative control effect on tobacco bacterial wilt was 47.72%.【Conclusion】The application of FMC could improve the physicochemical properties and rhizospheric microbial community structure in the soil during tobacco cultivation,with a reduction in the incidence of tobacco bacterial wilt. The use of FMC effectively alleviates the obstacles to the continuous cropping of tobacco. |
| |
| Keywords: | |
| 本文献已被 万方数据 等数据库收录！ |
| 点击此处可从《南方农业学报》浏览原始摘要信息 |
|
点击此处可从《南方农业学报》下载全文 |
|
