| 减氮对机插杂交籼稻产量和稻米品质的影响 |
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| 引用本文： | 蒋明金,徐文波,王荣基,罗德强,江学海,周维佳,徐富贤,孙永健,李敏.减氮对机插杂交籼稻产量和稻米品质的影响[J].南方农业学报,2022,53(1):104-114. |
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| 作者姓名： | 蒋明金 徐文波 王荣基 罗德强 江学海 周维佳 徐富贤 孙永健 李敏 |
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| 作者单位： | 1 贵州省农业科学院水稻研究所, 贵阳 550006;2 四川省农业科学院水稻高粱研究所, 四川德阳 618000;3 四川农业大学水稻研究所/作物生理生态及栽培四川省重点实验室, 成都 611130 |
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| 基金项目： | 现代农业产业技术体系;国家重点研发计划;贵州省农业科学院国家自然科学基金项目 |
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| 摘 要： | 【目的】研究减氮对机插杂交籼稻产量和稻米品质的影响，为机插杂交籼稻合理减氮提供理论依据。【方法】以杂交籼稻品种宜香优2115和F优498为试验材料，基于品种高产栽培施氮量（180 kg/ha，CK），在贵州贵阳和湄潭2个试验点，研究不同减氮量减氮30 kg/ha（N-30）、减氮60 kg/ha（N-60）和不施氮（N0）]对机插杂交籼稻产量、加工品质、外观品质、营养品质和蒸煮食味品质的影响。【结果】在贵阳和湄潭试验点，减氮后机插杂交籼稻产量和稻米品质变化趋势基本一致，即随着减氮程度的增加，机插杂交籼稻群体颖花量和实际产量均逐渐降低，稻谷加工品质（糙米率、精米率和整精米率）表现为先增加后降低，稻米外观品质（垩白粒率和垩白度）和蛋白质含量逐渐降低，而稻米蒸煮食味品质（胶稠度和直链淀粉含量）均逐渐增加，综合食味值评分提高。与CK相比，减氮后机插杂交籼稻群体颖花量和实际产量分别降低4.43%~35.08%和1.76%~38.77%，垩白粒率、垩白度和蛋白质分别降低2.08%~29.58%、3.57%~45.33%和3.10%~21.37%，胶稠度、直链淀粉含量和食味值分别提高3.89%~49.28%、0.52%~13.24%和0.25%~5.67%；同一减氮处理下两试验点稻谷加工品质变化趋势略有不同，但整体上差异较小。相关分析结果表明，实际产量与群体颖花量呈极显著正相关（P<0.01，下同），且实际产量和群体颖花量与稻米蒸煮食味品质（胶稠度、碱消值和食味值）大多呈显著（P<0.05，下同）或极显著负相关，与稻米加工品质（糙米率、精米率）、外观品质（垩白粒率、垩白度）和蛋白质含量呈显著或极显著正相关。【结论】适宜的减氮量（N-30）能改善稻谷加工品质、稻米外观品质和蒸煮食味品质，且产量仍能维持在9.80 t/ha以上，协同实现机插杂交籼稻稳产和优质；而过量减氮（N-60和N0处理）虽能提高稻米外观品质和蒸煮食味品质，但稻谷加工品质有变劣趋势，且产量显著降低，难以实现机插杂交籼稻高产稳产。
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| 关 键 词： | 减氮 机插 杂交籼稻 产量 稻米品质 |
| 收稿时间： | 2021-09-13 |
Effects of nitrogen reduction on grain yield and quality of mechanical transplanting hybrid indica rice |
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| JIANG Ming-jin,XU Wen-bo,WANG Rong-ji,LUO De-qiang,JIANG Xue-hai,ZHOU Wei-jia,XU Fu-xian,SUN Yong-jian,LI Min.Effects of nitrogen reduction on grain yield and quality of mechanical transplanting hybrid indica rice[J].Journal of Southern Agriculture,2022,53(1):104-114. |
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| Authors: | JIANG Ming-jin XU Wen-bo WANG Rong-ji LUO De-qiang JIANG Xue-hai ZHOU Wei-jia XU Fu-xian SUN Yong-jian LI Min |
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| Affiliation: | 1 Rice Research Institute, Guizhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guiyang 550006, China;2 Rice and Sorghum Research Institute, Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Deyang, Sichuan 618000, China;3 Rice Research Institute of Sichuan Agricultural University/Crop Ecophysiology and Cultivation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu 611130, China |
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| Abstract: | 【Objective】To study the effect of nitrogen reduction on grain yield and quality of mechanical transplanting hybrid indica rice and provide a theoretical basis for reasonable nitrogen reduction in mechanical transplanting hybrid indica rice cultivation.【Method】Based on the nitrogen application rate（180 kg/ha，CK）for high-yield cultivation of the variety，the effect of nitrogen reduction［30 kg/ha of nitrogen reduction，（N-30）；60 kg/ha of nitrogen reduction，（N-60）and no nitrogen application，（N0）］on grain yield，processing quality，appearance quality，nutritional quality，cooking and eating quality of mechanical transplanting hybrid indica rice were investigated in Guiyang and Meitan with rice varieties Yixiangyou 2115 and F you 498 as materials.【Result】The grain yield and quality of mechanical transplanting hybrid indica rice were basically the same changes after nitrogen reduction in Guiyang and Meitan. With the increase in the degree of nitrogen reduction，the total number of spikelets and grain yield of mechanical transplanting hybrid indica rice gradually decreased，processing quality（brown rice rate，milled rice rate，and head milled rice rate）of rice first increased and then decreased，and appearance quality（chalkiness percentage and chalkiness degree）and protein content of rice gradually decreased，while the cooking and eating quality of rice（gel consistency and amylose content）gradually increased，and comprehensive of rice increased. Compared with CK，the total number of spikelets and grain yield of hybrid indica rice in nitrogen reduction decreased by 4.43%-35.08% and 1.76%-38.77%，respectively；the chalkiness percentage，chalkiness degree and protein content of rice decreased by 2.08%-29.58%，3.57%-45.33% and 3.10%-21.37%，respectively；the gel consistency，amylose content，comprehensive of rice increased by 3.89%-49.28%，0.52%-13.24% and 0.25%-5.67%，respectively；the change trend of rice processing quality at the two ecological sites in the same nitrogen reduction treatment was slightly different，but the overall difference was small. Correlation analysis showed that there was extremely significant positive correlation between grain yield and total number of spikelets（P<0.01，the same below）. The grain yield and the total number of spikelets were significantly（P<0.05，the same below）or extremely significantly negatively correlated with the most of the cooking and eating quality of rice（gel consistency，alkali spreading value and comprehensive），and were significantly or extremely significantly positively correlated with processing quality（brown rice rate and milled rice rate），appearance quality（chalkiness percentage and chalkiness degree）and protein content of rice.【Conclusion】An appropriate amount of nitrogen reduction（N-30）can improve processing quality，appearance quality and cooking and eating quality of mechanical transplanting hybrid indica rice，while the grain yield can still be maintained above 9.80 t/ha，synergistically to achieve stable yield and high quality of mechanical transplanting hybrid indica rice. However，excessive nitrogen reduction（N-60 and N0）can improve the appearance quality and cooking and eating quality of rice，but the processing quality of rice tends to deteriorate and grain yield of rice is significantly reduced，which is difficult to achieve high yield of mechanical transplanting hybrid indica rice. |
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