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青海东部麦区小麦条锈菌越冬调查初报

引用本文：姚强,郭青云,闫佳会,张贵,侯生英,陈万权.青海东部麦区小麦条锈菌越冬调查初报.植物保护学报,2014,41(5):578-583

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作者	单位	E-mail
姚强	青海省农林科学院, 农业部西宁作物有害生物科学观测实验站, 青海省农业有害生物综合治理重点实验室, 西宁810016
郭青云	青海省农林科学院, 农业部西宁作物有害生物科学观测实验站, 青海省农业有害生物综合治理重点实验室, 西宁810016	guoqingyunqh@163.com
闫佳会	青海省农林科学院, 农业部西宁作物有害生物科学观测实验站, 青海省农业有害生物综合治理重点实验室, 西宁810016
张贵	青海省农林科学院, 农业部西宁作物有害生物科学观测实验站, 青海省农业有害生物综合治理重点实验室, 西宁810016
侯生英	青海省农林科学院, 农业部西宁作物有害生物科学观测实验站, 青海省农业有害生物综合治理重点实验室, 西宁810016
陈万权	中国农业科学院植物保护研究所, 植物病虫害生物学国家重点实验室, 北京100193	wqchen@ippcaas.cn

中文摘要:随着气候变暖及种植业结构的调整,青海省东部冬小麦的种植不断向高海拔地区扩展,为勘定小麦条锈菌在青海冬麦区的越冬情况,2008—2012年以青海省民和、乐都、尖扎、化隆、循化、贵德等地为试点,按照海拔梯度设立观测圃进行定点越冬观察.结果表明,一般年份小麦条锈菌在青海省东部地区海拔1 777～2 233 m均可越冬.不同年份间条锈菌能否越冬及越冬率的高低差异很大,当1月份平均气温在-8.0 ℃以下时,条锈菌在所有区域均不能越冬;当1月份平均气温在-5.0 ℃以上时,条锈菌能够越冬.此外,1—3月的降水量对小麦条锈菌的越冬也有影响.不同海拔地区条锈菌的越冬率存在一定差异,总趋势是海拔越低病菌越冬率越高,海拔越高病菌越冬率越低.

中文关键词:青海冬麦区小麦条锈菌越冬海拔上限影响因素

Survey on overwintering Puccinia striiformis f.sp.tritici at different altitudes in eastern Qinghai

Author Name	Affiliation	E-mail
Yao Qiang	Key Laboratory of Agricultural Integrated Pest Management of Qinghai Province Scientific Observation and Experimental Station of Crop Pests in Xining, Ministry of Agriculture Qinghai Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Xining 810016, Qinghai Province, China
Guo Qingyun	Key Laboratory of Agricultural Integrated Pest Management of Qinghai Province Scientific Observation and Experimental Station of Crop Pests in Xining, Ministry of Agriculture Qinghai Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Xining 810016, Qinghai Province, China	guoqingyunqh@163.com
Yan Jiahui	Key Laboratory of Agricultural Integrated Pest Management of Qinghai Province Scientific Observation and Experimental Station of Crop Pests in Xining, Ministry of Agriculture Qinghai Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Xining 810016, Qinghai Province, China
Zhang Gui	Key Laboratory of Agricultural Integrated Pest Management of Qinghai Province Scientific Observation and Experimental Station of Crop Pests in Xining, Ministry of Agriculture Qinghai Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Xining 810016, Qinghai Province, China
Hou Shengying	Key Laboratory of Agricultural Integrated Pest Management of Qinghai Province Scientific Observation and Experimental Station of Crop Pests in Xining, Ministry of Agriculture Qinghai Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Xining 810016, Qinghai Province, China
Chen Wanquan	State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China	wqchen@ippcaas.cn

Abstract:With the warming of climate and the adjustment of cultivation systems, the planting area of winter wheat has been extending to the high altitude in eastern Qinghai in recent years. In order to clarify the overwintering of Puccinia striiformis f.sp.tritici (Pst) in the areas, Pst disease nurseries at different altitudes were set up in Minhe, Ledu, Jianzha, Hualong, Xunhua and Guide for systematic investigation, and field random surveys were carried out during 2008—2012. The results showed that Pst could overwinter in the areas of 1 777-2 233 m above sea level in eastern Qinghai Province in the normal years. There was significant difference in the percentage of overwintering diseased spots between the years. Pst could not overwinter while the monthly mean temperature in January was below -8.0 ℃, but it could overwinter above -5.0 ℃. The rainfall from January to March could also affect the overwintering of Pst. The overwintering rates of Pst changed with the altitude and environmental conditions. The lower the altitude, the higher overwintering rate of Pst, and vice versa.

keywords:winter wheat area of Qinghai Puccinia striiformis f.sp.tritici upper limit of overwintering altitude affecting factors

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