三唑磷残留的膳食摄入与风险评估
投稿时间:2011-03-24   修订日期:2011-05-07   点此下载全文 HTML
引用本文:张志恒,袁玉伟,郑蔚然,等.三唑磷残留的膳食摄入与风险评估[J].农药学学报,2011,13(5):485-495.
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张志恒 省部共建国家重点实验室培育基地"浙江省植物有害生物防控重点实验室",农业部农药残留检测重点实验室, 浙江省农业科学院 农产品质量标准研究所,杭州 310021  
袁玉伟 省部共建国家重点实验室培育基地"浙江省植物有害生物防控重点实验室",农业部农药残留检测重点实验室, 浙江省农业科学院 农产品质量标准研究所,杭州 310021  
郑蔚然 省部共建国家重点实验室培育基地"浙江省植物有害生物防控重点实验室",农业部农药残留检测重点实验室, 浙江省农业科学院 农产品质量标准研究所,杭州 310021  
孙彩霞 省部共建国家重点实验室培育基地"浙江省植物有害生物防控重点实验室",农业部农药残留检测重点实验室, 浙江省农业科学院 农产品质量标准研究所,杭州 310021  
杨桂玲 省部共建国家重点实验室培育基地"浙江省植物有害生物防控重点实验室",农业部农药残留检测重点实验室, 浙江省农业科学院 农产品质量标准研究所,杭州 310021  
王强 省部共建国家重点实验室培育基地"浙江省植物有害生物防控重点实验室",农业部农药残留检测重点实验室, 浙江省农业科学院 农产品质量标准研究所,杭州 310021 qiangwang2003@vip.sina.com 
基金项目:国家科技支撑计划课题(2009BADB7B03);国家高技术研究发展计划(863计划)课题(2011AA100806);浙江省农业科学院重点实验室前瞻性项目(YS2009QZ10).
中文摘要:以FAO/WHO农药残留专家联席会议(JMPR)提出的农药残留膳食摄入和风险评估原理及方法为基础,引入食物摄入量调整系数、急性风险安全界限和消费者保护水平,建立了适用于我国现阶段技术及数据积累水平的膳食摄入风险和消费者保护水平评估方法。基于现有的三唑磷残留试验数据,计算得到国家估计每日摄入量(NEDI)、国家估计短期摄入量(NESTI)及风险商(RQ)。结果表明,我国各类人群的三唑磷慢性膳食摄入风险均属于不可接受水平,RQ值达2.1~6.2;其在苹果、甘蓝、稻米和小麦粉中的残留还具有不可接受的急性膳食摄入风险,RQ值分别为14.2~34.3、8.2~17.0、2.9~4.7和2.8~4.0。通过计算理论最大每日摄入量(TMDI)和理论最大短期摄入量(TMSTI)评估了现有最大残留限量(MRL)标准对消费者的保护水平。结果显示,我国现有的7项三唑磷 MRL 标准对2~10岁人群慢性膳食摄入风险的保护均未达到可接受水平,消费者保护水平(CPL)只有0.6~0.8;甘蓝、节瓜、柑橘和苹果中的 MRL 标准对儿童(4~6岁)和成人(30~44岁)以及荔枝中的 MRL 标准对儿童的急性风险保护也未达到可接受水平, CPL 分别只有0.2~0.4、0.3、0.1~0.2、0.1~0.2和0.6。建议:将柑橘(果肉)和荔枝(果肉)的 MRL 值分别修订为0.02和0.05 mg/kg;调整三唑磷在水稻上使用的良好农业规范(GAP),延长其安全间隔期至60 d;撤销三唑磷在十字花科蔬菜、节瓜及苹果上的使用登记,并将其在蔬菜、苹果及其他未登记使用的动植物产品中的 MRL 标准设定为0.01 mg/kg或其检出限附近;同时对三唑磷的违规使用应进行重点监管。
中文关键词:三唑磷  残留  膳食摄入  风险评估  消费者保护水平
 
Dietary intake and its risk assessment of triazophos residue
Abstract:Based on the principle and method on pesticides residue dietary intake and risk assessment proposed by Joint FAO/WHO Meeting on Pesticide Residues (JMPR),adjust coefficient of food intake,safety margin of acute risk and consumer protection level were introduced,an assessment method of dietary intake risk and consumer protection level was established that is suitable for present available data in China.A risk assessment of triazophos dietary intake was carried out by calculation of national estimated daily intakes (NEDIs),national estimated short-term intakes (NESTIs) and risk quotient (RQ) using supervised residue trial data.The result showed that it may come up that unacceptable chronic dietary intake risk for all kinds of people, RQ is 2.1-6.2,and acute dietary intake risk of apple,cabbage,rice and wheat meal, RQ is respectively 14.2-34.3、8.2-17.0、2.9-4.7 and 2.8-4.0.An assessment of consumer protection level was carried out by calculation of theoretical maximum daily intakes (TMDIs) and theoretical maximum short-term intakes (TMSTIs) using existing maximum residue limits (MRLs) of triazophos in China.The result showed that consumer protection level (CPL) is unacceptable in existing all 7 MRLs to chronic dietary intake risk for the group of age 2-10, CPL is 0.6-0.8,and MRLs of cabbage,zucchini,citrus and apple to acute dietary intake risk for children of age 4-6 and adult of age 30-44 and MRL of litchi for children of age 4-6, CPL is respectively 0.2-0.4、0.3、0.1-0.2、0.1-0.2 and 0.6.It proposed that revising triazophos MRLs of citrus sarcocarp and litchi sarcocarp to 0.02 mg/kg and 0.05 mg/kg respectively;adjusting good agricultural practice (GAP) of triazophos application on rice,extending pre-harvest interval (PHI) to 60 d;withdrawing application registration of triazophos on cruciferous vegetables,zucchini and apple;setting MRLs of vegetables,apple and other animal and plant products without application registration to 0.01 mg/kg or nearby limit of determination;carrying out strict supervision and control to illegal use of triazophos.
Key words:triazophos  residue  dietary intake  risk assessment  consumer protection level
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