Stock enhancement has been viewed worldwide as a positive fisheries management tool. A large numbers of evidences indicated that stock enhancement could amplify the abundance of target species, but it also might impose some risks on the receiving aquatic system. Nowadays, assessing and minimizing the risk associated with stock enhancement programs isthebasiclink to promoting responsible development of stock enhancement. In this paper, the risks of stock enhancement for the receiving aquatic system were reviewed around population, community and ecosystem levels, and the proposals on how to minimize the adverse impact of stock enhancement were listed. Hence, we expect this paper to be beneficial to the strategies development and risk management on stock enhancement in China.