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论恢复鱼类洄游通道规划方法
引用本文:董哲仁,张 晶,赵进勇.论恢复鱼类洄游通道规划方法[J].水生态学杂志,2020,41(6):1-8.
作者姓名:董哲仁  张 晶  赵进勇
作者单位:中国水利水电科学研究院.北京 100038,中国水利水电科学研究院.北京 100038,中国水利水电科学研究院.北京 100038
基金项目:水利部公益性行业科研专项(201501030);国家自然科学基金(51509271)
摘    要:由于鱼类洄游是大尺度的水生动物迁徙运动,恢复鱼类洄游通道规划应在流域尺度进行。本文讨论了恢复鱼类洄游通道规划要点,包括河流鱼类调查及评价方法、规划范围和流域恢复洄游通道目标量化方法,提出了恢复鱼类洄游鱼类通道项目的优先排序方法,并以保护和恢复多瑙河鲟鱼规划作为典型案例进行了分析。恢复鱼类洄游鱼类通道项目的优先排序方法中,应根据工程性质、特点和当地自然条件确定优先排序准则,从而选择重点河段和重点工程,解决洄游通道中的关键问题。优先排序准则包括有效性、栖息地适宜性、效益/投资分析、自然保护区范围、预期物种多样性、鱼类生产力和栖息地面积等。在保护和恢复多瑙河鲟鱼规划案例中,确定了多瑙河鱼类洄游障碍物的5个等级划分标准和评分等级,采用改进的多准则多权重分级计分法计算了各障碍物的排序指标。在671处障碍物中,29处为最优先排序,99处为中等排序,543处为低等级排序。其中,位于多瑙河中游和下游的铁门水电站Ⅰ、Ⅱ级是流域内的主要障碍物。优先级排序方法为恢复鱼类洄游通道提供了指导意见。

关 键 词:鱼类洄游通道  规划  目标鱼类物种  优先排序方法  等级计分法
收稿时间:2018/11/20 0:00:00
修稿时间:2020/12/2 0:00:00

Planning Theory on the Restoration of Fish Migration Routes
DONG Zhe-ren,ZHANG Jing,ZHAO Jin-yong.Planning Theory on the Restoration of Fish Migration Routes[J].Journal of Hydroecology,2020,41(6):1-8.
Authors:DONG Zhe-ren  ZHANG Jing  ZHAO Jin-yong
Affiliation:China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research Beijing,China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research Beijing,China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research Beijing
Abstract:The planning of fish migration restoration should be carried out at the watershed scale for fish migration is a large-scale migratory movement. The key points for the planning of fish migration restoration were discussed, including fish survey and evaluation methods, planning scope and quantification method of restoration objectives of fish migration. A priority ranking method for projects of restoring fish migratory channel was presented. And the program for protection and rehabilitation of Danube sturgeons was analyzed as a typical case. Considering the reality status and economical efficiency, not all the barriers arranged on the main tributaries of the river should be removed for the restoration of migratory fish. On the basis of monitoring, investigation and evaluation, the main migratory passages should be identified, especially the river sections where the important anadromous migration fish populations passed. Prioritization criteria should be determined according to the engineering properties, characteristics and local natural conditions. The key river sections and key projects should be choosed to solve key problems in the migration route. Prioritization criteria should include effectiveness, habitat suitability, benefit/investment analysis, nature reserve range, expected species diversity, fish productivity, and habitat area. The prioritization index can be calculated using the grade score. European and American countries have accumulated some experience in planning the restoring fish migration pass, which is worth referring. In the program for protection and rehabilitation of Danube sturgeons, 5 ranking criteria and scoring grades of migratory barriers of Danube fishes were determined. The improved multi-criteria and multi-weighted scoring method was used to calculate the prioritization index of each obstacle. Among the 671 obstacles, 29 were ranked first priority, 99 were ranked moderate level, and 543 were ranked lowest level. Among them, the key obstacles in the basin were the Iron GateI and II located in the midstream and downstream of the Danube. Priority ranking method provides a guiding opinion for fish migration restoration. Where and when to develop the connectivity restoration projects will depend on the technical possibilities of building fish passes or removing obstacles; also depend on the investment and national ecological restoration planning.
Keywords:Fish migration passages  planning  target fish  priority ranking method  Grade scoring method
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