| 北京翠湖湿地血红裸藻水华发生的环境条件 |
| Environmental Variables Influencing Euglena sanguinea Blooms in Cuihu Lake Wetland in Beijing |
| 投稿时间：2014-11-08 修订日期：2015-01-01 |
| DOI：10.15928/j.1674-3075.2015.01.003 |
| 中文关键词:血红裸藻 翠湖湿地 环境条件 水华 |
| 英文关键词:Euglena sanguinea Cuihu Lake Wetland environmental factors algae bloom |
| 基金项目:国家林业公益性行业科研专项(201204201)；国家自然科学基金资助项目(50809005)。 |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 对北京市翠湖27个典型样点的浮游植物进行调查，同时监测相应的环境因子指标；以全磷、全氮、温度、溶解氧等10个环境因子等和浮游植物多度进行了典范对应分析（CCA）。分析表明北京市翠湖藻类的常见属有血红裸藻、颤藻、细小平裂藻、卵形隐藻、裸甲藻、斜生栅藻、衣藻、舟形藻、色球藻、鱼腥藻、针秆藻和棒胶藻等，其中血红裸藻为明显优势种类。CCA分析结果表明翠湖湿地水体中血红裸藻的繁殖受到TP含量的影响显著，而与TN含量关系不显著；血红裸藻适宜水温环境为26-28℃之间。另外血红裸藻也受光量子通量（表征光照条件的一种指标）影响，呈正相关关系，说明光照越强，发生水华的概率越高，这也与血红裸藻具有较强的趋光特征有关。可以通过控制水温、改善水流波动频率、提高遮盖度等措施可以达到抑制血红裸藻水华暴发。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| Shallow lake wetlands play an important role in climate regulation in Beijing. Eutrophication in the shallow lakes of Beijing is serious because of limited water resources and the high volume of waste water discharged. Research on algae blooms in urban shallow lakes has been limited, especially research on the environmental variables that induce algae blooms in shallow lake wetlands with high nutrient concentration and low flow. Cuihu Lake, located in Shangzhuang Town, Haidian District, Beijing, with a water area of 700 hm2 and average depth 1.2m, is basically static and water recharge depends on direct runoff augmented by pumping from Shangzhuang Reservoir. The frequent occurrence of algae blooms in Cuihu Lake Wetland has been the primary environmental problem over the past 10 years. The aim of this study was to clarify the environmental conditions leading to algae blooms in Cuihu Lake and to reveal the relationship of Euglena sanguinea blooms with environmental variables by Canonical correspondence analysis (CCA), which will supply useful data for ecological regulation. In July of 2013 during the wet season, an investigation was conducted at 27 sampling sites of the Cuihu Lake Wetland where algae blooms occurred. A total of 81 algae samples were collected (triplicate samples at each site) and fixed with Lugol’s solution for species identification and counting in laboratory. Ten water quality parameters were also measured at each site: pH, water temperature (WT), dissolved oxygen (DO), electrical conductivity (EC), total phosphorus (TP), total nitrogen (TN), spatial location quantified according to the wind direction (WIND), photo flux density (PPFD), the movement of surface water (FLUC) as determined by the drifting buoy method, and cover (the area shaded by emergent aquatic plants, shrubs and trees). A total of 12 genera and 30 algae species were detected at the 27 sampling sites and species common to all sites included Euglena sanguinea, Oscillatoria Formosa, Merismopedia tenuissima, Cryptomonas ovata, Gymnodinium aerucyinosum, Chlamydomonas sp., Navicula sp., Chroococcus sp., Anabeana sp., Synedra sp., Rhabdogloea sp. and Scenedesmus obliquus. Among them, Euglena sanguinea was the dominant species. The ratio of N/P ranged from 8.33-35.32, with a mean value of 16.38, indicating that the N/P ratio was not the crucial factor inducing algae blooms in study area. The relationship of phytoplankton abundance with the 10 environmental variables by CCA revealed that the production of Euglena sanguinea in Cuihu Lake was significantly affected by TP content, but not by TN content. The optimal temperature for the growth of Euglena sanguinea was 26-28oC and the species displayed significant positive correlation with PPFD. High illumination intensity produces higher frequency blooms of Euglena sanguinea because of the phototaxic capability of the species. In conclusion, light intensity, water movement, wind direction, water temperature and pH are the critical environmental variables influencing the algae community in urban shallow lakes. Thus Euglena sanguinea blooms can be inhibited by controlling water temperature, improving flow fluctuation frequency and increasing the area shaded by plants.
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| 赵欣胜,崔丽娟,李伟,张曼胤,商晓静,张岩.2015.北京翠湖湿地血红裸藻水华发生的环境条件[J].水生态学杂志,36(2):11-17. |
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