| 北盘江董箐与光照库区鱼类资源水声学调查 |
| Acoustic Monitoring on Fish Resources in the Dongqing and Guangzhao Reservoirs of Beipan River |
| 投稿时间：2014-09-14 修订日期：2014-11-20 |
| DOI：10.15928/j.1674-3075.2015.03.002 |
| 中文关键词:鱼类资源 水声学调查 双频识别声纳仪 北盘江 |
| 英文关键词:fish resources acoustic survey dual-frequency identification sonar Beipan River |
| 基金项目:水利部公益性行业科研专项（201201030）；贵州北盘江电力股份有限公司合作项目（SDHZ2012136）。 |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 2014年7月16-28日，首次利用双频识别声纳DIDSON对贵州北盘江光照与董箐库区的鱼类进行了水声学调查，同步水质监测为辅。航线均采用“之”字形，平均航速约5km/h，董箐库区航程15.30km，光照库区航程总计11.57km。同步水质监测使用Hydrolab DS5多参仪，走航过程中坐标位置由GPS(MobileMapper 10)读取。水质采样点上用vector Pluse多普勒点式流速仪测量该点表层流速。监测期间，在各个江段进行水声学探测后，使用网目6cm的流刺网在水体底层进行生物采样。董箐库区体长50～100cm鱼所占比例为49.48%，光照库区体长20～50cm鱼比例达60.55%。董箐库区的鱼类多分布在0~15m的中上层水层，而光照库区的鱼类多集中在15~30m的中下层水层。各水层分布的鱼类数量，董箐库区相差不大，而光照库区差异较大。2库区表层水体中温度、溶氧和叶绿素a值存在显著差异；中层水体中温度、溶氧和叶绿素a值差异显著；底层水体的温度和溶氧差异显著。董箐与光照库区表层水流流速差异显著。鱼类平均密度董箐库区为（17240±6240）×103尾/km3，光照库区为（11750±1860）×103尾/km3。董箐库区探测江段共收集渔获物94580.62g，鱼类20种、231尾；放流的长臀鮠C.bouderius、光倒刺鲃S.hollandi、白甲鱼O.sima和花鱼骨H.maculats占渔获物重量66.17%、数量44.23%。光照库区探测段共收集渔获物92165.45g，鱼类13种、155尾；放流的4种鱼占渔获物重量28.22%、数量31.41%。北盘江梯级电站开发以来，董箐和光照库区现存鱼类资源密度偏低，但基本保持着较为合理的生长结构。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| Since the cascaded Dongqing and Guangzhao hydropower stations began operating on the middle reaches of Beipan River, researchers have studied the resulting changes in fishery resources in the reservoirs based on fish catch statistics. However, the acoustic survey is recognized as the most effective means for fish resource assessment and has been widely used because the method does not harm fish and is useful in a wide range of applications. While the use of Dual-frequency Identification Sonar (DIDSON) for counting fish has gradually matured abroad, it is still in the exploratory stage in China. The objective of this study was to describe the density, vertical distribution and structure of the existing fishery resources in Dongqing and Guangzhao reservoirs by means of acoustic monitoring. The results provide scientific evidence for fishery conservation and technical reference for the fish breeding and release program in Beipan River. Our work will also promote the application of underwater acoustic measurements for fish resource assessment in China. Acoustic surveys of the fishery resource was conducted in Dongqing and Guangzhao reservoirs on July 16-28, 2014 using DIDSON SMC-300 sonar and water quality was monitored simultaneously. The ship route lengths were 15.30 km and 11.57 km, respectively, in Dongqing Reservoir and Guangzhao Reservoir and the average speed was ~5km/h, following a zigzag path. A Hydrolab DS5 multi sensor probe was used for water quality monitoring and the ship’s coordinates during the surveys were monitored using GPS (MobileMapper 10). A vector Pulse Doppler point current meter was used to probe surface velocity at water quality sampling locations. Gill nets with 6 cm mesh size were used during the surveys to collect specimens after the acoustic detection. Results indicate that fish with body lengths of 50-100cm accounted for 49.48% of the fish resource in Dongqing Reservoir and fish were mainly distributed in the middle and upper layers (0-15m), with little variation in fish number between layers. In Guangzhao Reservoir, fish of body length 20-50cm dominated, accounting for 60.55% of the total and the fish were distributed mainly in the middle and lower layer (15-30m), with a large difference between layers. Significant differences were observed between the two reservoirs: surface water velocity; water temperature and dissolved oxygen in surface, middle and lower layers; and chlorophyll-a in the surface and middle layers. The fish density in Dongqing Reservoir was higher than in Guangzhao Reservoir with average fish densities, respectively, of 17240±6240×103 ind/km3 and 11750±1860×103 ind/km3. A total of 231 individuals, weighing 94580.62g, and representing 20 species, were obtained from Dongqing Reservoir. Dominant species were four fish species in the artificial breeding and releasing program including Cranoglanis bouderius, Spinibarbus hollandi, Onychostoma sima and Hemibarbus maculatus, accounting for 66.17% of the mass and 44.23% of the number. In Guangzhao Reservoir, 155 individuals weighing 92 165.45g and representing 13 species were collected and the four species accounted for 28.22% of the mass and 31.41% of the number. In summary, densities of the existing fish resources in Dongqing Reservoir and Guangzhao Reservoir are low but the fish community structure is reasonable since the cascaded hydropower stations began operation on Beipan River. |
| 莫伟均,王从锋,秦孝辉,张敏娟,刘慧杰.2015.北盘江董箐与光照库区鱼类资源水声学调查[J].水生态学杂志,36(3):10-17. |
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