Diptychus maculates steindachner is a unique species of the Muzati River in Xinjiang. This fish has been classified as a national secondary protected animal.The construction of cascade hydropower stations has had a great impact on fish resources. The construction of fish passage facilities is currently major protection measures. In order to provide reliable parameters and data for the design of fish facilities, the swimming capability of wild Diptychus maculates steindachner (total length TL=12 ~ 16 cm) from the Muzati River in Xinjiang was measured at 16.6 ± 1.6 °C water temperature. Results showed that the induction velocity was 0.18±0.02m/s (relative induction velocity was 1.40 ± 0.23 BL/S); the critical swimming speed was 1.02 ± 0.15 m/s (relative critical swimming speed was 8.58 ± 1.65 BL/S); the burst swimming speed was 1.39 ± 0.17 m/s (relative burst swimming speed was 10.92 ± 1.86 BL/S); the maximum sustained swimming speed was 0.87 m/s and the maximum prolonged swimming speed was 1.37 m/s, which was close to the average burst swimming speed. The swimming time was negatively related to swimming velocity( )．When the target fish of fishway is Diptychus maculates steindachner,it is recommended the flow rate at entrance was from 1.02 to 1.39 m/s for attracting fish into the fishway, and the main flow rate in the rest pool ranged from 0.2 to1.02 m/s．The highest velocity in the fishway should be less than0.85m/s. When the length of the fishway is 1000m, the average water flow velocity in the fishway should be less than 0.78m/s. This investigation provided a reference for the study of swimming capability of fish in the Xinjiang Muzhati River and are of great significance for the protection of endangered fish.