Scientia Agricultura Sinica ›› 2020, Vol. 53 ›› Issue (2): 440-450.doi: 10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2020.02.018

• SPECIAL FOCUS: YOUNG RUMINANT REARING RESEARCH • Previous Articles     Next Articles

Effects of NDF Level of Starter on Growth Performance, Serum Biochemical Parameters and Antioxidant Indices in Calves

REN ChunYan1,2,3,BI YanLiang1,2,GUO YanLi3,DU HanChang4,YU Bo4,TU Yan1,2,DIAO QiYu1,2()   

  1. 1 Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Feed Biotechnology of Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing100081
    2 Beijing Key Laboratory for Dairy Cow Nutrition, Beijing 100081
    3 College of Animal Science and Technology,Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070
    4 Shandong YinXiangWeiYe Group Co,Ltd, Heze 274400, Shandong
  • Received:2019-07-25 Accepted:2019-08-23 Online:2020-01-16 Published:2020-02-17
  • Contact: QiYu DIAO E-mail:diaoqiyu@caas.cn

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Abstract:

【Objective】 The objective of this study was to determine the effects of different neutral detergent fiber (NDF) levels of starter on growth performance, blood biochemical and antioxidant indices of calves.【Method】Sixty new born dairy calves (24 females and 36 males) with body weight (42 ± 2.5) kg were randomly assigned to four treatment groups (10N, 15N, 20N and 25N) with nine male calves and six female calves each. Each group was fed one of the four starters which had different NDF levels (10%,15%, 20% and 25%, respectively). Starter intake was measured daily, and body weight of calves was measured every two weeks. The body sizes of calves were measured at 35 and 112 days of age, respectively. The concentrations of serum biochemical and antioxidant indices were determined at 35, 70, 90 and 112 days of age prior to morning feeding.【Result】 (1) At the age of 70-112 days, the starter intake of calve in 10N group was significantly lower than that in 25N group (P＜0.5). At the age of 42-70 days, the NDF intake of calf in 20N and 25N groups were significantly higher than that of the 10N and 15N groups (P＜0.05). The NDF intake of calve increased significantly with the dietary NDF level increasing during the 70-112 days (P＜0.05). (2) At the age of 70-112 days and 15-112 days, the body weight gain was increased by 12.67%, 43.56%, 30.17% and 6.16%, 18.09%, 15.16%, respectively in group II than that in group 10N, 20N and 25N (P＜0.05). The wither height was significantly higher in group 15N than that in group 20N and 25N (P＜0.05). The body length and heart girth were significantly higher in group 15N than in group 25N (P＜0.05). (3) At 90 days of age, serum globulin content of group 15N was significantly higher than that of the other three groups, and ALB/GLB value was significantly lower than that of the other three groups (P＜0.05). At 112 days of age, serum glutamic-pyruvic transaminase, glutamic oxalacetic transaminase and alkaline phosphatase were significantly decreased with improved NDF level (P＜0.05). (4) At 35, 70 and 112 days of calf age, the activities of superoxide dismutase of serum in group 15N, 20N and 25N were significantly higher than that in group 10N (P＜0.05), and the content of malondialdehyde in serum of group15N, 20N and 25N were significantly lower than that of group 10N (P＜0.05).【Conclusion】The content of NDF in starter diets had a direct influence on intake and body weight gain of calf, and the optimum level of NDF in starter of calves aged15-112 days was 15%.

Key words: dairy calf, NDF level, starter, growth performance, blood biochemical, antioxidant indices

Table 1

The composition and nutrient levels of starter diets (DM basis, %)"

原料
Ingredient		 处理Treatment
10N 15N 20N 25N
玉米Corn 60.00 48.70 38.00 26.50
豆粕Soybean meal 27.70 25.30 22.20 20.13
麸皮Wheat bran 8.00 8.00 8.00 8.00
苜蓿Alfalfa hay 0 6.90 16.00 21.80
燕麦草Oat grass 0 7.00 12.00 20.00
石粉Limestone 2.22 2.00 1.67 1.45
磷酸氢钙CaHPO4 0.73 0.75 0.78 0.77
食盐NaCl 0.35 0.35 0.35 0.35
预混料Premix1) 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00
合计Total 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00
营养水平Nutrient levels
干物质（风干基础）DM（air-dry basis） 88.30 86.83 88.72 88.69
代谢能ME（MJ/kg）2) 2.73 2.61 2.48 2.36
粗蛋白质CP 18.40 18.46 18.87 18.97
粗脂肪EE 4.60 3.28 3.21 3.50
中性洗涤纤维NDF 10 15 20 25
酸性洗涤纤维ADF 6.30 10.50 12.75 16.42
粗灰分Ash 7.58 7.77 8.59 9.19
钙Ca 1.15 1.09 1.15 1.10
磷 P 0.50 0.49 0.53 0.48

Table 2

Effect of NDF level of starter on feed intake in calves"

采食量
Feed intake		 处理Treatment 标准误
SEM		 P值
P value
10N 15N 20N 25N
15-42 d
开食料Starter（kg·d-1） 0.26 0.25 0.27 0.23 0.13 0.76
NDF（g·d-1） 26.14 36.64 53.69 57.25 17.26 0.22
42-70 d
开食料Starter（kg·d-1） 0.83 0.93 0.93 0.87 0.13 0.43
NDF（g·d-1） 82.55c 139.29b 186.24a 216.74a 17.21 ＜0.01
断奶前 Preweaning（15-70 d）
开食料Starter（kg·d-1） 0.54 0.59 0.60 0.55 0.13 0.67
NDF（g·d-1） 54.37b 88b 120ab 137.07a 17.22 ＜0.01
断奶后Post weaning（70-112 d）
开食料Starter（kg·d-1） 3.19b 3.36ab 3.31ab 3.49a 0.12 0.02
NDF（g·d-1） 319.69d 505.57c 662.29b 874.07a 16.24 ＜0.01

Table 3

Effects of NDF level of starter on body weight gain and body size in calves"

项目
Item		 处理 Treatment (Tr) 标准误
SEM		 P值
P value
10N 15N 20N 25N
始重 Initial weight (kg) 42.73 41.58 42.25 42.35 0.50 0.97
体增重 Body weight gain (kg)
15-42日龄 15-42 d 21.42. 21.04 20.86 19.38 2.52 0.42
42-70日龄 42-70 d 20.36 22.00 20.75 21.25 2.58 0.51
15-70日龄 15-70 d 42.13 43.04 41.61 40.63 2.52 0.32
70-112日龄 70-112 d 33.55ab 37.80a 26.33b 29.04b 2.56 ＜0.01
15-112日龄 15-112 d 75.57ab 80.23a 67.94b 69.67b 2.56 ＜0.01
体尺 Body size (cm)
35日龄35 d
体高 Wither height 81.30 80.11 80.18 79.60 1.24 0.16
体斜长 Body length 85.53a 84.57ab 84.52ab 81.50b 1.78 0.02
胸围 Heart girth 90.40 90.83 90.86 90.70 1.57 0.77
腰角宽 Hip width 21.71 20.89 21.14 20.86 0.50 0.09
十字高 Hip height 86.17 85.07 86.00 85.00 1.41 0.39
112日龄 112 d
体高 Wither height 93.53ab 95.54a 93.21b 93.02b 1.29 0.05
体斜长 Body length 106.96ab 108.18a 106.12ab 103.9b 1.90 0.02
胸围 Heart girth 117.62ab 120.35a 117.39ab 116.87b 1.63 0.03
腰角宽 Hip width 26.19 26.42 26.37 26.50 0.52 0.55
十字高 Hip height 100.71 102.81 100.91 100.93 1.45 0.15

Table 4

Effects of NDF level of starter on serum biochemical indices in calves"

项目
Item		 处理Treatment SEM P值P value
10N 15N 20N 25N 处理 Tr 日龄 Days 处理×日龄Tr×days
总蛋白TP (g·L-1)
35-112日龄35-112 d 69.94 70.13 69.57 68.56 1.97 0.86 0.59 0.79
35日龄 35 d 67.97 67.77 67.73 69.83 3.37 0.54
70日龄70 d 69.07 71.28 68.36 69.72 3.71 0.39
90日龄 90 d 70.79 72.57 71.50 67.21 3.38 0.10
112日龄112 d 71.91 68.90 70.70 67.49 3.59 0.22
白蛋白ALB (g·L-1)
35-112日龄35-112 d 29.31 28.96 28.87 29.31 0.78 0.91 0.10 0.61
35日龄 35 d 27.60 27.76 27.52 30.01 1.46 0.08
70日龄70 d 29.74 29.58 28.44 28.30 1.46 0.33
90日龄 90 d 29.97 29.35 30.45 29.42 1.33 0.41
112日龄112 d 29.95 29.15 29.09 29.51 1.41 0.55
球蛋白GLB (g·L-1)
35-112日龄35-112 d 40.62 41.17 40.65 38.96 1.55 0.52 0.92 0.81
35日龄 35 d 40.37 40.04 40.21 38.70 2.84 0.54
70日龄70 d 39.32 41.70 39.89 41.37 3.01 0.39
90日龄 90 d 40.83ab 43.21a 40.89ab 37.80b 2.72 0.04
112日龄112 d 41.98 39.75 41.61 37.98 2.90 0.17
白蛋白/球蛋白A/G
35-112日龄35-112 d 0.73 0.71 0.72 0.76 0.03 0.28 0.79 0.56
35日龄 35 d 0.69 0.70 0.69 0.79 0.06 0.07
70日龄70 d 0.76 0.72 0.72 0.70 0.06 0.25
90日龄 90 d 0.74ab 0.69b 0.75ab 0.78a 0.05 0.05
112日龄112 d 0.72 0.74 0.71 0.78 0.05 0.13
甘油三酯 TG (mmol·L -1)
35-112日龄35-112 d 0.75 0.71 0.68 0.52 0.16 0.51 0.30 0.55
35日龄 35d 0.71 0.78 0.30 0.40 0.26 0.06
70日龄70d 0.77 0.83 0.86 0.61 0.28 0.42
90日龄 90d 0.68 0.70 0.90 0.55 0.27 0.20
112日龄112 d 0.84 0.51 0.68 0.54 0.24 0.92
谷丙转氨酶 ALT (U·L-1)
35-112日龄35-112 d 15.82 13.91 12.14 10.88 1.63 0.03 <0.01 0.00
35日龄 35 d 9.35 10.15 8.10 9.65 2.72 0.44
70日龄70 d 10.74 9.72 9.33 10.42 2.88 0.60
90日龄 90 d 16.78 16.35 14.81 13.31 2.61 0.17
112日龄112 d 26.43a 19.47b 16.31c 10.15d 10.11 <0.01
谷草转氨酶 AST (U·L-1)
35-112日龄35-112 d 125.66 118.79 113.79 111.52 6.24 0.15 < 0.01 0.03
35日龄 35 d 101.66 107.04 98.74 104.99 10.92 0.43
70日龄70 d 103.46 108.68 106.12 109.02 10.92 0.61
90日龄 90 d 135.27 127.77 119.74 123.03 10.52 0.15
112日龄112 d 162.26a 131.66b 130.57b 109.04c 11.60 < 0.01
碱性磷酸 ALP (U·L-1)
3-112日龄35-112 d 189.47 175.91 174.82 173.4 9.34 0.30 0.17 0.11
35日龄 35 d 181.69 167.51 184.88 197.51 17.72 0.10
70日龄70 d 196.73 191.44 172.35 182.83 16.84 0.13
90日龄 90 d 177.94 178.75 181.73 155.48 15.27 0.09
112日龄112 d 201.52a 165.94b 160.32b 157.77b 15.27 0.01

Table 5

Effects of NDF level of starter on serum antioxidant indices in calves"

项目
Item		 处理Treatment SEM P值P value
10N 15N 20N 25N 处理
Treatment		 日龄
Day		 处理×日龄
Treatment×day
总抗氧化能力 T-AOC (U·mL-1)
3-112日龄35-112 d 9.15 8.90 9.04 9.11 0.18 0.49 < 0.01 0.68
35日龄35 d 8.95 8.61 9.17 9.18 0.37 0.11
70日龄70 d 8.54 8.31 8.29 8.43 0.35 0.47
90日龄 90 d 9.08 8.96 9.21 8.90 0.33 0.36
112日龄112 d 10.03 9.72 9.47 9.92 0.33 0.10
谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶 GSH-PX (U·mL-1)
35-112日龄35-112 d 955.39 936.53 952.77 961.40 10.69 0.09 < 0.01 0.69
35日龄 35 d 972.99 958.88 975.41 970.58 20.02 0.42
70日龄70 d 925.21a 874.6b 904.58ab 926.14a 18.88 0.01
90日龄 90 d 951.13 929.53 939.57 962.13 22.77 0.16
112日龄112 d 972.24 983.09 991.50 986.75 29.76 0.52
过氧化氢酶 CAT (U·mL-1)
35-112日龄35-112 d 9.71 9.81 9.51 9.65 0.26 0.69 < 0.01 0.83
35日龄 35 d 9.91 10.23 9.71 9.92 0.51 0.29
70日龄70 d 9.22 8.60 8.54 8.88 0.51 0.19
90日龄 90 d 9.61 9.63 9.58 9.74 0.49 0.78
112日龄112 d 10.09 10.77 10.20 10.05 0.47 0.13
超氧化物歧化酶 SOD (U·mL-1)
35-112日龄35-112 d 75.70 79.36 78.79 79.69 1.70 0.10 < 0.01 0.09
35日龄 35 d 74.84b 75.64ab 75.57ab 81.55a 3.22 0.03
70日龄70 d 68.06 67.63 68.20 67.30 2.91 0.76
90日龄 90 d 71.39b 76.31a 77.05a 74.68ab 2.777 0.05
112日龄112 d 88.49b 97.87a 94.33a 95.24a 3.06 0.00
丙二醛 MDA (nmol·mL-1)
35-112日龄35-112 d 5.79 5.48 5.55 5.69 0.16 0.24 < 0.01 0.24
35日龄 35 d 5.27 5.23 5.60 5.85 0.346 0.081
70日龄70 d 6.40 6.28 6.14 6.38 0.35 0.45
90日龄 90 d 6.02 5.72 5.79 6.00 0.33 0.36
112日龄112 d 5.47a 4.69b 4.68b 4.52b 0.33 0.01
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