Scientia Agricultura Sinica

Previous Articles     Next Articles

Effect of No-Tillage and Direct Sowing Density on Growth, Nutrient Uptake and Yield of Rapeseed (Brassica napus L.)

SU Wei; LU Jian-wei; ZHOU Guang-sheng; LI Xiao-kun; HAN Zi-hang; LEI Hai-xia   

  1. 1、College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070;
    2、College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070
  • Received:2010-06-29 Online:2011-04-02 Published:2010-09-27

PDF

666

Cited

22

Abstract: 【Objective】Understanding of the restrictive factors that can reduce rapeseed (Brassica napus L.) yield and the reasonable direct sowing density of later sown rapeseed is the key for optimizing rapeseed cultivation and management under the condition of no-tillage.【Method】 A field experiment was conducted to study the differences in condition of soil compaction and weed growth between no-tillage and conventional tillage and the effect of tillage methods on rapeseed growth, nutrients uptake and yield. At the same time the effect of different direct sowing densities on growth and nutrients utilization of rapeseed were also studied. 【Result】 The soil bulk density of no-tillage was significantly higher than conventional tillage. In the whole growth period of rapeseed, the soil bulk density of no-tillage was 0.11 g·cm-3 higher than conventional tillage, averagely. Compared with conventional tillage treatment, no-tillage was in favor of weed development, the N, P, K nutrient rates absorbed by weeds in no-tillage treatment were, respectively, 1.9, 2.4 and 2.5 times as that of conventional treatment. Compared with conventional tillage treatment, dry matter accumulation rates and N, P, K uptake rates of rapeseed of no-tillage treatment decreased averagely by 18.2%, 17.1%, 16.4% and 20.2% in the whole growth period, respectively, the yield of no-tillage treatment decreased by 10.7%, and the difference was significant. The result of direct sowing density experiment showed that compared with low sowing density treatment, total weed amount and dry matter rates of weeds of high sowing density treatment decreased by 40.5% and 56.4%, respectively; while dry matter accumulation rates and N, P, K uptake rates of rapeseed of high sowing density increased averagely by 55.3%, 46.7%, 53.6% and 50.2% in the whole growth period, respectively, and the yield of high sowing density increased by 43.1%.【Conclusion】It is concluded that under the condition of no-tillage, soil compaction and too many weeds are two serious problems, which led to decrease of rapeseed yield. Increasing direct sowing density of rapeseed under the condition of no-tillage is a very effective method to increase yield when direct sowing date is later, while in this experiment the most reasonable direct sowing density was 6×105 plant/hm2.

Key words: rapeseed , no-tillage , direct sowing density , growth , nutrient uptake , yield

[1]中华人民共和国国家统计局. 中国统计年鉴. 北京: 中国统计出版社, 2009.
National Bureau of Statistics of P R China. Chinese Statistical Yearbook.  Beijing: China Statistics Press, 2009. (in Chinese)
[2]殷 艳, 王汉中, 廖 星.  2009年我国油菜产业发展形势分析及对策建议. 中国油料作物学报, 2009, 31(2): 259 - 262.
Yin Y, Wang H Z, Liao X. Analysis and strategy for 2009 rapeseed industry development in China.  Chinese Journal of Oil Crop Sciences, 2009, 31(2): 259-262. (in Chinese)
[3]李艳玲, 刘爱民. 长江流域冬季农业主要作物的耕地竞争机制及案例研究. 长江流域资源与环境, 2009, 18(2): 146-151.
Li Y L, Liu A M. Competition mechanism of cultivated land resources in winter agriculture in the Yangtze. Resources and Environment in the Yangtze Basin, 2009, 18(2): 146 - 151. (in Chinese)
[4]傅寿仲. 双低油菜核心竞争力研究—油菜栽培及成本经济效益分析. 中国油料作物学报, 2004, 26(3): 100-104.
Fu S Z. Core competencies in double-low rapeseed industry: Rapeseed production and its profit in the market. Chinese Journal of Oil Crop Sciences, 2004, 26(3): 100-104. (in Chinese)
[5]官春云. 改变冬油菜栽培方式, 提高和发展油菜生产. 中国油料作物学报, 2006, 28(1): 83-85.
Guan C Y.  The cultivation pattern change of winter rapeseed to increase and develop production. Chinese Journal of Oil Crop Sciences, 2006, 28(1): 83-85. (in Chinese)
[6]张海林, 高旺盛, 陈  阜, 朱文珊. 保护性耕作研究现状、发展趋势及对策. 中国农业大学学报, 2005, 10(1): 16-20.
Zhang H L, Gao W S, Chen F, Zhu W S. Prospects and present situation of conservation tillage. Journal of China Agricultural University, 2005, 10(1): 16-20. (in Chinese)
[7]谢瑞芝, 李少昆, 李小君, 金雅征, 王克如, 初震东, 高世菊. 中国保护性耕作研究分析—保护性耕作与作物生产. 中国农业科学, 2007, 40(9): 1914-1924.
Xie R Z, Li S K, Li X J, Jin Y Z, Wang K R, Chu Z D, Gao S J. The analysis of conservation tillage in China-conservation tillage and crop production: reviewing the evidence. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2007, 40(9): 1914-1924. (in Chinese)
[8]张琼英, 周桂清, 王国槐, 邹应斌. 播种期和播种方式对免耕直播油菜生长与产量的影响. 作物研究, 2004(3): 167-170.
Zhang Q Y, Zhou G Q, Wang G H, Zou Y B. Study of seeding times and methods on the growth and yield of oilseed rape under the no-tillage condition. Crop Research, 2004(3): 167-170. (in Chinese)
[9]胡文秀, 李中秀, 徐宝庆, 邹  旭, 赵  燕, 胡金和. 稻田免耕直播油菜高效栽培技术研究. 安徽农业科学, 2007, 35(10): 2883, 2905.
Hu W X, Li Z X, Xu B Q, Zou X, Zhao Y, Hu J H. Studies on high efficiency cultivation in direct seeding rapeseed on zero tillage rice field. Journal of Anhui Agricultural Sciences, 2007, 35(10): 2883, 2905. (in Chinese)
[10]胡正元, 王亚莉, 程  跃. 增施磷素种肥对免耕直播油菜生长发育及产量的影响. 中国农学通报, 2007, 23(2): 298-301.
Hu Z Y, Wang Y L, Cheng Y. Effect on applying phosphor seed manure on growth and yield of no tillage direct seeding rape. Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin, 2007, 23(2): 298-301. (in Chinese)
[11]张春雷, 李 俊, 余利平, 李 锋, 马 霓. 油菜不同栽培方式的投入产出比较研究. 中国油料作物学报, 2010, 32(1): 57-64.
Zhang C L, Li J, Yu L P, Li F, Ma N. Input/output analysis on rapeseed production practices under different cultivation mode. Chinese Journal of Oil Crop Sciences, 2010, 32(1): 57-64. (in Chinese)
[12]张志国, 徐  琪. 长期秸秆覆盖免耕对土壤某些理化性质及玉米产量的影响. 土壤学报, 2001, 35(3): 384-390.
Zhang Z G, Xu Q. Influence of long-term mulched no-tillage treatment on soil physical and chemical properties and corn yields. Acta Pedologica Sinica, 2001, 35(3): 384-390. (in Chinese)
[13]高亚军, 朱培立, 黄东迈, 王志明, 李生秀. 稻麦轮作条件下长期不同土壤管理对有机质和全氮的影响. 土壤与环境, 2000, 9(1): 27-30.
Gao Y J, Zhu P L, Huang D M, Wang Z M, Li S X. Long-term impact of different soil management on organic matter total nitrogen in rice-based cropping system. Soil and Environmental Sciences, 2000, 9(1): 27-30. (in Chinese)
[14]Eduardo M, Juan-Pablo F, Paola S, Susana V. Soil physical properties and wheat root growth as affected by no-tillage and conventional tillage systems in a Mediterranean environment of Chile. Soil and Tillage Research, 2008, 99(2): 232-244.
[15]中国科学院南京土壤研究所. 土壤理化分析. 第1版. 上海: 上海科学技术出版社, 1978: 511-512.
ISSCAS. Soil Physical-Chemical Analysis. 1st ed. Shanghai: Shanghai Scientific and Technical Publishers, 1978, 511-512. (in Chinese)
[16]伯  姆. 根系研究法（第1版）. 北京: 科学出版社, 1985: 8-19.
Bohm. Root Research Methods. 1st ed. Beijing: Science Press, 1985: 8-19. (in Chinese)
[17]鲍士旦. 土壤农化分析. 第3版. 北京: 中国农业出版社, 2000: 30-107, 127.
Bao S D. Agrochemical Analysis of Soil. 3rd ed. Beijing: China Agriculture Press, 2000, 30-107, 127. (in Chinese)
[18]Goodman A M, Ennds A P. The effects of soil bulk density on the morphology and anchorage mechanics of the root systems of sunflower and maize. Annals of Botany, 1999, 83(3): 293-302.
[19]刘晚苟, 山  仑, 邓西平. 植物对土壤紧实度的反应. 植物生理学通讯, 2001, 37(3): 254-260.
Liu W G, Shan L, Deng X P. Responses of plant to soil compaction. Plant Physiology Communications, 2001, 37(3): 254-260. (in Chinese)
[20]龚庆维, 李  璞. 免耕农作制对杂草发生的影响. 杂草学报, 1991, 5(4): 7-14.
Gong Q W, Li P. Effect of no-tillage on weed occurrence. Journal of Weed Science, 1991, 5(4): 7-14. (in Chinese)
[21]Mohler C L, Frisch J C, Mcculloch C E. Vertical movement of weed seed surrogates by tillage implements and natural processes. Soil and Tillage Research, 2006, 86(1): 110-122.
[22]Conn J S. Weed seed bank affected by tillage intensity for barley in Alaska. Soil and Tillage Research, 2006, 90(1-2): 156-161.
[23]廖桂平, 官春云. 不同播期对不同基因型油菜产量特性的影响. 应用生态学报, 2001, 12(6): 853-858.
Liao G P, Guan C Y. Effect of seeding date on yield chaaracteristics of different rapeseed (Brassica napus L.) genotypes. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology, 2001, 12(6): 853-858. (in Chinese)
[24]王仕新, 崔剑波, 庄季屏. 辽西半干旱地区深松中耕对作物产量的影响极其作用机理研究. 应用生态学报, 1996, 7(3): 267-272.
Wang S X, Cui J B, Zhuang J P. Effect of subsoiling on corp yield in semi-arid area of west Liaoning and its mechanism. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology, 1996, 7(3): 267-272. (in Chinese)
[25]付增光, 杜世平, 廖允成. 渭北旱地小麦留茬深松膜侧沟播耕作技术体系研究. 干旱地区农业研究, 2003, 21(2): 13-17.
Fu Z G,, Du S P, Liao Y C. Study on tillage system of stubble mulching and subsoiling and furrow sowing on side of film mulch for dryland winter wheat in Weibei Plateau. Agricultural Research in the Arid Areas, 2003, 21(2): 13-17. (in Chinese)
[26]王法宏, 王旭清, 任德昌, 于振文, 余松烈. 土壤深松对小麦根系活性的垂直分布及旗叶衰老的影响. 核农学报, 2003, 17(1): 56-61.
Wang F H, Wang X Q, Ren D C, Yu Z W, Yu S L. Effect of soil deep tillage on root activity and vertical distribution. Acta Agriculturae Nucleatae Sinica, 2003, 17(1): 56-61. (in Chinese)
[27]朱文达. 湖北省油菜田灾害性杂草高效防控技术研究进展. 中国油料作物学报, 2010, 32(1): 156-162.
Zhu W D. Research progress on high-efficiency control technology of disastrous weeds in rape field in Hubei province. Chinese Journal of Oil Crop Sciences, 2010, 32(1): 156-162. (in Chinese)
[28]朱文达, 张朝贤, 魏守辉. 农作措施对油菜田杂草的生态控制作用. 华中农业大学学报, 2005, 24(2): 125-128.
Zhu W D, Zhang C X, Wei S H. Ecological weed control by agronomic practices in rape fields. Journal of Huazhong Agricultural University, 2005, 24(2): 125-128. (in Chinese)
[29]Ghosh P K, Dayal D, Bandyopadhyay K K, Mohanty M. Evaluation of straw and polythene mulch for enhancing productivity of irrigated summer groundnut. Field Crop Research, 2006, 99(2-3): 76-86.
[30]方日尧, 赵慧清, 方  娟. 不同保护性耕作下冬小麦田杂草滋生情况调查研究. 干旱地区农业研究, 2008, 26(5): 90-93.
Fang R Y, Zhao H Q, Fang J. Comparative study of water absorbing and retaining characteristics of four superabsorbents. Agricultural Research in the Arid Areas, 2008, 26(5): 90-93. (in Chinese)
[1] ZHANG XiaoLi, TAO Wei, GAO GuoQing, CHEN Lei, GUO Hui, ZHANG Hua, TANG MaoYan, LIANG TianFeng. Effects of Direct Seeding Cultivation Method on Growth Stage, Lodging Resistance and Yield Benefit of Double-Cropping Early Rice [J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2023, 56(2): 249-263.
[2] WANG XuanDong, SONG Zhen, LAN HeTing, JIANG YingZi, QI WenJie, LIU XiaoYang, JIANG DongHua. Isolation of Dominant Actinomycetes from Soil of Waxberry Orchards and Its Disease Prevention and Growth-Promotion Function [J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2023, 56(2): 275-286.
[3] YAN YanGe, ZHANG ShuiQin, LI YanTing, ZHAO BingQiang, YUAN Liang. Effects of Dextran Modified Urea on Winter Wheat Yield and Fate of Nitrogen Fertilizer [J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2023, 56(2): 287-299.
[4] XU JiuKai, YUAN Liang, WEN YanChen, ZHANG ShuiQin, LI YanTing, LI HaiYan, ZHAO BingQiang. Nitrogen Fertilizer Replacement Value of Livestock Manure in the Winter Wheat Growing Season [J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2023, 56(2): 300-313.
[5] WANG CaiXiang,YUAN WenMin,LIU JuanJuan,XIE XiaoYu,MA Qi,JU JiSheng,CHEN Da,WANG Ning,FENG KeYun,SU JunJi. Comprehensive Evaluation and Breeding Evolution of Early Maturing Upland Cotton Varieties in the Northwest Inland of China [J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2023, 56(1): 1-16.
[6] ZHAO ZhengXin,WANG XiaoYun,TIAN YaJie,WANG Rui,PENG Qing,CAI HuanJie. Effects of Straw Returning and Nitrogen Fertilizer Types on Summer Maize Yield and Soil Ammonia Volatilization Under Future Climate Change [J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2023, 56(1): 104-117.
[7] ZHANG Wei,YAN LingLing,FU ZhiQiang,XU Ying,GUO HuiJuan,ZHOU MengYao,LONG Pan. Effects of Sowing Date on Yield of Double Cropping Rice and Utilization Efficiency of Light and Heat Energy in Hunan Province [J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2023, 56(1): 31-45.
[8] XIONG WeiYi,XU KaiWei,LIU MingPeng,XIAO Hua,PEI LiZhen,PENG DanDan,CHEN YuanXue. Effects of Different Nitrogen Application Levels on Photosynthetic Characteristics, Nitrogen Use Efficiency and Yield of Spring Maize in Sichuan Province [J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2022, 55(9): 1735-1748.
[9] LI YiLing,PENG XiHong,CHEN Ping,DU Qing,REN JunBo,YANG XueLi,LEI Lu,YONG TaiWen,YANG WenYu. Effects of Reducing Nitrogen Application on Leaf Stay-Green, Photosynthetic Characteristics and System Yield in Maize-Soybean Relay Strip Intercropping [J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2022, 55(9): 1749-1762.
[10] GUO ShiBo,ZHANG FangLiang,ZHANG ZhenTao,ZHOU LiTao,ZHAO Jin,YANG XiaoGuang. The Possible Effects of Global Warming on Cropping Systems in China XIV. Distribution of High-Stable-Yield Zones and Agro-Meteorological Disasters of Soybean in Northeast China [J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2022, 55(9): 1763-1780.
[11] WANG HaoLin,MA Yue,LI YongHua,LI Chao,ZHAO MingQin,YUAN AiJing,QIU WeiHong,HE Gang,SHI Mei,WANG ZhaoHui. Optimal Management of Phosphorus Fertilization Based on the Yield and Grain Manganese Concentration of Wheat [J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2022, 55(9): 1800-1810.
[12] GUI RunFei,WANG ZaiMan,PAN ShengGang,ZHANG MingHua,TANG XiangRu,MO ZhaoWen. Effects of Nitrogen-Reducing Side Deep Application of Liquid Fertilizer at Tillering Stage on Yield and Nitrogen Utilization of Fragrant Rice [J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2022, 55(8): 1529-1545.
[13] LIAO Ping,MENG Yi,WENG WenAn,HUANG Shan,ZENG YongJun,ZHANG HongCheng. Effects of Hybrid Rice on Grain Yield and Nitrogen Use Efficiency: A Meta-Analysis [J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2022, 55(8): 1546-1556.
[14] LI Qian,QIN YuBo,YIN CaiXia,KONG LiLi,WANG Meng,HOU YunPeng,SUN Bo,ZHAO YinKai,XU Chen,LIU ZhiQuan. Effect of Drip Fertigation Mode on Maize Yield, Nutrient Uptake and Economic Benefit [J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2022, 55(8): 1604-1616.
[15] QIN YuQing,CHENG HongBo,CHAI YuWei,MA JianTao,LI Rui,LI YaWei,CHANG Lei,CHAI ShouXi. Increasing Effects of Wheat Yield Under Mulching Cultivation in Northern of China: A Meta-Analysis [J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2022, 55(6): 1095-1109.
Viewed
Full text


Abstract

Cited
  Shared   
  Discussed   
No Suggested Reading articles found!
京ICP备09089781号-30
Copyright 2018 © Editorial office of Scientia Agricultura Sinica
Tel: 86-010-82106279    E-mail: zgnykx@mail.caas.net.cn
Supported by Beijing Magtech Co.Ltd