| 摘要: |
| 【目的】确定烟草节水灌溉适宜的推广模式, 促进烟草生产节水增产和提质增效。【方法】根据烟草需水特性设置了沟灌、穴灌和滴灌（即G、X、D）3种灌水方式及低、中、高（即L、M、H）3个灌水水平与对照（雨养，即CK）共10个处理，每个处理3次重复，研究不同灌水处理对烟草生长、光合特性、产量及水分利用效率的影响。【结果】滴灌、穴灌和沟灌各处理的烟草株高、茎围和单叶面积均明显优于CK，且以DM、DH处理最优，差异达极显著水平（P<0.01）；滴灌、穴灌在显著提高烟草叶片净光合速率(Pn)的同时降低了蒸腾速率(Tr)和气孔导度(Gs)，使叶片羧化速率(CE)与瞬时水分利用效率（WUEi）显著提高，以DM、XH处理效果最明显；不同灌水处理中，XH处理与GM、GH处理产量无显著差异（P＞0.05），但XH处理水分利用效率（WUEy）极显著高于GM和GH处理（P＜0.01）；DM和XH处理的烟叶产量、上等烟叶比例、WUEy较为理想，分别为2 628.47 kg/hm2、63.5%、5.69 kg/(hm2·mm)和2 389.85 kg/hm2、62.1%、5.03 kg/(hm2·mm)。【结论】以实现烟草生产节水高产增效为目的，DM（滴灌中水）处理（灌水定额4.8 mm、全生育灌水6次、灌溉定额28.8 mm）和XH（穴灌高水）处理（灌水定额3.2 mm、全生育灌水6次、灌溉定额19.2 mm）均是较适宜的推广模式，后者更适合在经济条件较差的干旱缺水地区推广。 |
| 关键词: 烟草 灌溉方式 光合特性 水分利用效率 |
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| 基金项目:水利部公益性行业科研专项（201101039）；国家自然科学基金项目（51009101）；2014年四川省省级财政专项；2015年省级公益性科研院所基本科研业务费项目（2060302-210） |
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| Effects of different irrigation methods on physiological characteristics,yield and water use efficiency of flue-cured tobacco |
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FAN Yi,WANG Junqin,CUI Ningbo,et al
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| Abstract: |
| 【Objective】Effects of different irrigation methods on tobacco growth,photosynthetic characteristics,yield and water use efficiency (WUE) were studied to find suitable extension pattern for saving water and increasing yield and quality.【Method】According to tobacco water-requiring characteristics and precipitation during crop growth stage,10 irrigation treatments including three irrigation methods (furrow irrigation G,hole irrigation X,and drip irrigation D) by three levels (low L,medium M,and high H) and one control (no irrigation,CK) were conducted.Each treatment was irrigated for 3 times.Then,the effects on growth,photosynthetic characteristics,yield and WUE were analyzed.【Result】Drip irrigation,hole irrigation and furrow irrigation had significant effect on tobacco plant height,stem circumference and LA.Especially,drip irrigation with medium level (DM) and high level (DH) had significant difference (P<0.01) compared to CK.Drip irrigation and hole irrigation significantly increased tobacco photosynthetic rate (Pn),while reduced transpiration rate (Tr) and stomatal conductance (Gs),which significantly increased leaf carboxylation rate (CE) and instantaneous water use efficiency (WUEi) with the best effects in hole irrigation with high level (XH) and drip irrigation with medium level (DM). Under different irrigation treatments,hole irrigation with high level (XH),and furrow irrigation with medium level (GM) and high level (GH) had no significant effects (P>0.05) on yield,but XH had extremely significant higher water use efficiency (WUEy) than GM and GH (P<0.01).DM and XH treatments obtained ideal yields (2 628.47 and 2 389.85 kg/hm2),ratios of high quality leaves (63.5% and 62.1%) and WUEy (5.69 and 5.03 kg/(hm2·mm)).【Conclusion】DM treatment (irrigation quota 4.8 mm each time,6 times,and total irrigation quota 28.8 mm) and XH treatment (irrigation quota 3.2 mm each time,6 times,and total irrigation quota 19.2 mm) were suitable for wide application,especially XH was good for water scarce areas with poor economic condition. |
| Key words: flue-cured tobacco irrigation methods photosynthetic water use efficiency |
