The marine food web constitutes a core mechanism within marine ecosystems, with its complexity and multidimensional stability ensuring the maintenance of ecological balance, promoting energy flow and material cycling, and playing a critical role in preserving biodiversity. Human activities such as overfishing and pollution discharge may disrupt the structure of the food web, consequently impacting the productivity and service functions of the entire marine ecosystem. Concurrently, under the progression of global changes like climate warming and ocean acidification, the structure and functionality of the food web are likely to undergo alterations, which not only affect the current dynamic equilibrium of ecosystems but also bear upon the adaptability and resilience of future marine ecosystems.Thepaper employs ecological network analysis to systematically review and organize the concepts of food web structural stability across various dimensions, elucidating the intrinsic relationship between stability and complexity. Through an extensive overview of how different types of disturbances act on the marine food web, the paper uncovers the adaptive mechanisms at play from perspectives including network reconfiguration, species substitution, and community evolution. Finally, the paper highlights existing limitations in current research on marine food webs, such as the difficulty in acquiring data, insufficient modeling of dynamic processes in food web models, and inadequate precision in defining population functions. These insights provide directions for improvement in future studies of marine food webs, aiming to gain a more comprehensive understanding of their responses to environmental changes.