| 旱塬区地面覆盖对苹果园土壤性状和树体生长的影响 |
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| 引用本文：董 铁，刘小勇，张 坤，马 明.旱塬区地面覆盖对苹果园土壤性状和树体生长的影响[J].西北农业学报,2014,23(2):155~160 |
| DOI:10.7606/j.issn.1004-1389.2014.02.027 |
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| 基金项目:国家科技支撑计划项目（2007BAD52B03）；科技部农业科技成果转化资金项目（2006GB2G100306）；农业部西北作物抗旱栽培与耕作重点开放实验室和甘肃省旱作区水资源高效利用重点实验室开放基金课题（HNSJJ 201103）；国家苹果产业技术体系专项资金资助（CARS 28）。 |
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| 中文摘要:为探明不同覆盖措施（覆草、覆沙、覆膜和清耕）对旱地苹果园土壤和树体生长结果的影响，测定分析了陇东旱塬区苹果园土壤状况和树体生长结果特征。结果表明，覆黑膜和覆草处理显著降低了0~40 cm和20~40 cm土层pH；3种覆盖方式均显著降低土壤体积质量，增大了土壤孔隙度；覆草和覆沙果园的土壤体积质量随着土层深度的增加而降低，覆膜和清耕果园则相反。不同处理土壤有机质含量为覆草＞覆沙＞覆膜＞清耕；覆膜后土壤全磷含量降低；3种覆盖土壤碱解氮、速效钾含量均高于清耕，而有效磷含量降低。覆盖后百叶干质量明显增加，叶片钾含量降低，硼含量增高；覆草显著增加叶绿素含量。覆盖能显著提高平均单果质量；覆草和覆膜降低果实硬度。 |
| 中文关键词:覆盖 土壤性状 苹果 旱塬区 |
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| Effect of Mulching Treatment on Growth of Apple Tree and Soil Characters in Dry Land of Eastern Gansu Province |
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| Abstract:In order to ascertain the effects of different patterns of surface mulching（clean tillage, film mulching, straw mulching, and sand mulching）on the soil and apple growth and fruiting in dry land region. We measured and analyzed soil conditions and growth and fruiting characteristics of apple orchard. The results showed that film mulching and straw mulching lessened pH value of 0-40 cm soil and 20-40 cm soil layer respectively. Three kinds of cover means significantly reduced the soil bulk density, and increased the soil porosity. The soil bulk density of straw mulching and sand mulching were reduced with the increase of soil depth, but the orchard of clean till age and film mulching were opposite. The soil organic matter content listed from straw mulching, silver sand mulching, film mulching to clean till age in a descending order. Film mulching reduced the content of soil total phosphorus. Three kinds of mulching caused the increase of soil available nitrogen and available kalium, but the decrease of available phosphorus content, compared with the clean till age treatment. Mulching treatment increase dry mass of 100 leaves and the content of boron, lessen the content of total kalium. The chlorophyll content of straw mulching was increased. Mulching improved the average weight of fruit remarkably. Straw mulching and film mulching treatment reduced the fruit hardness observably. |
| keywords:Mulching Soil trait Apple Dry land |
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