长期施用化肥对山东三大土类土壤物理性质的影响

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 为阐明长期施用化肥对土壤物理性质的影响，通过定位施肥试验研究了肥对山东棕壤、潮土和褐土3种土壤物理性质的影响。研究发现在长期定位定量施肥试验中，一年两季施用化肥不会引起土壤容重增加，造成土壤板结。结果表明单独施用化肥25年后，各施肥处理的土壤孔隙度与对照相比均有不同程度的增加，而且土壤容重均下降，不同化肥处理的土壤容重并无增大的趋势。在三大土类中，以棕壤的土壤孔隙度最低，其次是潮土，褐土最高。此外，三大土类的土壤容重均与土壤孔隙度呈显著负相关；棕壤和潮土的土壤容重与耕层有机质呈显著负相关，而褐土的土壤容重与有机质相关性较差。笔者认为长期施用化肥并未显著提高土壤容重，而能提高土壤孔隙度，因此长期单独施用化肥并非造成土壤板结的主要原因。

关键词: 稻瘟病, 稻瘟病, 抗性基因, 分子标记, 基因克隆

Abstract: To clarify the effects of long-term application of chemical fertilizer on physical properties of soils, long-term fertilization experiment was used to study the effect of application of chemical fertilizer on physical properties of brown soil, fluvo-aquic soil and cinnamon soil in Shandong province. Some results showed that long-term application of chemical fertilizers could cause soil harden and property deterioration. But results in this research showed that sealing of soil and bulk density of soil are not caused by employing chemical fertilizers twice a year under long-term located fertilizer experiment. Results showed that not only porosity of soil of treatments increased to different extents compared to control treatment, but also bulk densities of soils all decreased and had no obvious tendency of increase after sole chemical fertilizers were employed for 25 years. Brown soil had the highest porosity of soil among three types of soils, then fluvo-aquic soil and cinnamon soil the last. In addition, there was a negative correlation between bulk density and porosity of soil of three soil types and a negative correlation between bulk density and organic matter of brown soil and fluvo-aquic soil, while there was not a negative correlation between bulk density and organic matter of cinnamon soil. Author thought that long-term application of chemical fertilizer couldn’t markedly increase bulk density of soil while increased soil porosity, thus, it wasn’t the main cause of long-term application of chemical fertilizer on sealing of soil.

中图分类号:

S152.5

杨果,张英鹏,魏建林,高弼模,李彦,董晓霞. 长期施用化肥对山东三大土类土壤物理性质的影响[J]. 中国农学通报, 2007, 23(12): 244-244.

Yang Guo, Zhang Yingpeng, Wei Jianlin, Gao Bimo, Li Yan, Dong Xiaoxia. Effects of Long-term Chemical Fertilization on Soil Physical Properties of three soils in Shandong Province[J]. Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin, 2007, 23(12): 244-244.

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