This paper focused on the typically collapsing alluvial fan in Wuhua County, Guangdong Province，collected 64 soil samples and points location information by GPS RTK from the top to the edge of the alluvial fan to do the analysis of physical and chemical property. Through the combination of fractal theory, regression analysis and geo-statistics method, the paper aimed to expound the soil fractal dimension characteristic and spatial variability, and the correlation with soil particle composition and nutrient content in collapsing alluvial fan. The result indicated that there were obvious differentiation characteristics in soil particle composition and nutrient content, and presented certain regularity with the spatial distribution characteristics of fractal dimension. From the top to the edge of the alluvial fan, the proportion content of soil silt and clay and nutrient content increased gradually, and fractal dimension was a positive correlation with them. But the proportion content of sand decreased gradually, and presented a negative correlation with fractal dimension. Among them, clay content was the most influential factor to fractal dimension, and the coefficient correlation was up to 0.969.The results proved that the fractal dimension could be used as an important index of soil texture and fertility.