| 摘要: 中国是世界人口最多的发展中国家，用占全球7%的土地、8%的淡水养活占全球22%的人口。但随着人口的持续增长，气候干旱和生态环境破坏以及污染的不断扩大和加重，水和耕地资源的不断减少，中国在水资源和粮食安全方面将面临巨大的压力与挑战。中国干旱半干旱的西北地区，有70%左右的贫困人口，粮食安全问题长期存在，经济发展缓慢。目前中国政府实施的西部大开发战略，减免农业税费，增加经济投入和水利工程等建设项目，是解决西北地区贫困的关键。 |
| 关键词: 中国 水资源 耕地 粮食安全 中国西北 贫困 挑战 |
| 中图分类号: |
| 基金项目:国家高技术研究发展计划（863计划）(2006AA100201)，国家科技支撑计划重点课题（2006BAD29B02），中国科学院知识创新方向性项目（KSCX2-YW-N-05），中国科学院重大项目（KSCX1-YW-09-07）和中国工程院重点咨询项目“黄淮海地区节水农业对策及发展半旱地区农业研究” |
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| Water and food security in China |
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ZHANG Zheng-Bin, XU Ping
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Center for Agricultural Resources Research, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology,Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shijiazhuang 050021, China
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| Abstract: China is the most populated developing country in the world. It has to feed about 22% of the world population using only 7% and 8% of the world arable land and freshwater resources respectively. But with sustained growth of the cosmically-based population, global warming and drought, environmental degradation, extensive and aggravated pollution, and decreasing water resources and arable land, China might face tremendous challenges and pressure for water and food security. About 70% of the poor live in arid/semi-arid areas of Northwest China where food insecurity issue is projected to last long into the future coupled with slow economic growth. Recently, China has focused on developing the western region through the implementation of strategies like reduced and even zero agricultural taxes, increased financial input, water conservancy construction and an array of other poverty alleviation projects. All these measures play key roles in solving the problem of poverty in the northwest region. |
| Keyword: China, Water resource, Arable land, Food security, Northwest China, Poverty, Challenge |
