Abstract: Abstract: Traditional Chinese medicine is the material basis for the inheritance and development of traditional Chinese medical science, it is a strategic resource in the national economy and people's livelihood. Ganoderma lucidum, as a traditional Chinese herbal medicine and edible fungus, has a long history in China. This paper explored on comprehensive evaluation method to quality and safety of ganoderma lucidum through improved AHP (analytic hierarchy process, referred to as AHP) method, it takes reference for ganoderma lucidum cultivation of safety and effectiveness. According to the fluctuations of sample size and improved AHP method, the calculation for quality and safety indicators (polysaccharide, Pb, As, Hg, Cd) of ganoderma lucidum's fruiting body was based on the traditional Chinese medicinal materials quality safety standards, and through this method, we evaluated the risk levels of quality and safety indicators in typical planting areas, such as Wuyi mountain (Southeast of China), Changbai mountain (Northeast of China) and the Dabie mountain (South Central of China), which was based on AHP method key growth period (4 layers, 5 layers and 6 layers) by comprehensive weighted index, and compared with Nemerow index method widely used for the risk calculation. Besides, we compared it with the one calculated with the widely-used Nemerow index method. The results showed: 1) The general rules for quality and safety for five kinds of single index of ganoderma lucidum indicators (polysaccharide, Pb, As, Hg, and Cd) were Cd>Hg> polysaccharide >As>Pb, and they were lower than traditional Chinese medicinal materials quality and safety standards. 2) The quality risk index calculated with the improved AHP method ranged from 0.237 6 to 0.759 8, less than 1, for the safety level, while the one calculated with Nemerow index method ranged from 0.257 9 to 0.729 2, less than 1, for the safety level. On the whole, the difference was not significant. The analysis showed that the quota polysaccharide, Hg and Cd of heavier weight was larger in the single risk index. 3) In order to compare the advantages and disadvantages of these two methods further, we exchanged Hg and Cd of larger single risk index and weight with quotas Pb and As to the contrary. The risk index of more harmful quotas Hg and Cd decreased, while that of the less harmful quotas Pb and As increased. The results demonstrated that the comprehensive quality risk index declined by 68.03%. So the improved AHP method could more precisely reflect the quality risk of ganoderma lucidum than Nemerow index method. The research is a good reference to the quality safety evaluation of ganoderma lucidum and provides support for the whole course control of the plantation of it (including preproduction, production, and postproduction). We suggest that this research should continue to advance, which is based on commercial specification and grade standards of Chinese herbal medicines, an important criterion in clinical curative effect of traditional Chinese medicine for the quality standard of ganoderma lucidum, production process quality and safety grade control.