Abstract: The ground source heat pump system uses a rock-soil body, groundwater or surface water as a low-temperature heat source, and is composed of a water-source heat pump unit, a geothermal energy exchange system, and an indoor heating system. According to the different forms of geothermal energy exchange system, the ground source heat pump system is divided into a ground source heat pump system, a groundwater source heat pump system and a surface water source heat pump system. Aiming at the problem of plant growth difficulties caused by high temperature in summer of plant factories and high operating cost of electric air conditioning cooling，a large natural light factory in Chongming, Shanghai was treated as an example to study the summer cooling energy-saving operation characteristics of groundwater ground source heat pump system. Plant factory water storage type groundwater source heat pump type cooling system includes groundwater heat exchange system, heat pump unit, air treatment unit and energy storage system. The energy supply equipment mainly uses groundwater source heat pumps and energy storage tanks. The period with the highest solar radiation intensity in summer is selected as the typical week. The greenhouse temperature data acquisition system records the temperature and humidity changes in the greenhouse, the operation of the heat pump system, the cold-water filling rate of the cold storage tank and the operation of the cold water well to analyze the cooling performance of the system. From the perspective of energy saving, for the current time-of-use electricity pricing strategy generally implemented in Shanghai, intermittent operation is used throughout the day to reduce the input of electric energy, and use more clean energy such as geothermal energy, due to the two independent cold water wells, the cold source in the two wells will not have direct heat exchange, the groundwater resources are abundant, and the performance of cooling is stable and efficient. The typical day of the typical week is selected to analyze the operating cost of the cooling system. The analysis of energy saving effect of the groundwater source heat pump system was based on the difference of performance between the air source heat pump cooling system and the direct-fired lithium bromide hot water unit.The results show that the ground source heat pump water storage type cooling system adopts intermittent operation mode based on Shanghai's time-sharing electricity price policy, and mainly uses cold water well direct supply mode in summer. The ground source heat pump is turned on during the low-price period of the electricity comsumption, and the cold water tank is stored for cold storage for the daytime cooling. The system was analyzed by selecting the extreme high temperature typical week. The average COP of the ground source heat pump was 4.53, and the COP of the entire energy supply system was 3.80. On the typical day, the water storage type ground source heat pump system can save 16.98% compared with the ground source heat pump system without using the energy storage device. Compared with the air source heat pump and the direct combustion lithium bromide absorption water cooling unit, energy saving rate can reach 31.6% and 79.1%. Practice has shown that the groundwater source heat pump water storage type cooling system has stable performance, energy saving and environmental protection, and has certain practical value.