| 施氮量和施氮时期对冬小麦幼穗小花发育及产量的影响 |
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| 引用本文：王彦丽,邱喜阳,朱云集,张秋丽,郭天财,王晨阳,谢迎新.施氮量和施氮时期对冬小麦幼穗小花发育及产量的影响[J].西北农业学报,2011,20(7):82~87 |
| DOI:10.7606/j.issn.1004-1389.2011.07.018 |
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| 基金项目:国家重点基础研究发展计划(973计划)项目（2009CB118600）；农业部公益性行业科研专项（201103003）。 |
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| 中文摘要:以兰考矮早八（大穗型）和豫麦49 198（多穗型）2种冬小麦品种为材料，研究大田种植条件下3个施氮量和5个施氮时期（基追肥质量比为5∶5）对2种穗型冬小麦幼穗总小花和完善小花发育及产量构成因素的影响。结果表明，与N0和N360处理相比，N180处理的小花发育进程较为平缓。在全生育期施纯氮180 kg/hm条件下，多穗型品种由于幼穗小花发育快、周期短，故延迟追氮有利于完善小花的发育；大穗型品种则由于幼穗小花发育周期较长表现规律不明显。随氮肥施用量增加,2种穗型冬小麦品种的籽粒产量均呈先增加后减少的趋势，2品种均表现施纯氮180 kg/hm处理籽粒产量最高，且均以返青后20 d追氮效果最好。在较高土壤肥力条件下，施纯氮180 kg/hm，基施氮肥50%，并于返青后20 d追施50%，能够显著增加冬小麦的完善小花数目，提高穗粒数和千粒质量，进而获得较高籽粒产量。 |
| 中文关键词:冬小麦 施氮量 施氮时期 穗型 小花发育 产量 |
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| Effection of Rate and Period of Nitrogen Application on the Floret Development and Grain Yield of Winter Wheat |
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| Abstract:Under the field conditions, three pure nitrogen rates (0, 180 and 360 kg/hm) and five application stages during the whole growth period (50% basal fertilizer and 50% postponing topdressing) were designed in this experiment to study the effects of nitrogen application rates and periods on the floret development and grain yield of large spike cultivar “Lankaoaizao 8” and multi spike cultivar “Yumai 49 198”. The results showed that the process of the floret development of two spike type cultivars under 180 kg /hm nitrogen application was more stable than the other treatments. When applying N 180 kg/hm in whole growth stages, postponing topdressing promoted distinctly the development of floret, especially in the multi spike cultivar with a short period, but it was not obvious in the large size spike cultivar with a long period among floret development. The results also indicated that the grain yield with 180 kg/hm nitrogen application reached the top in the two cultivars. And with the rate of nitrogen application increasing, the grain yield of two spike type cultivars showed a decreasing trend after increasing in the first. The grain yield of the treatment of T3 with two cultivars reached the highest. The research results concluded that applying N 180 kg/hm, with 50% basal N fertilizer and 50% postponing dressing application in post returning green stage 20 d, could significantly increase the number of well florets, grain number per spike and 1000 grain weight under the condition of high soil fertility, and then obtain a higher grain yield. |
| keywords:Winter wheat Nitrogen application rate Nitrogen application period Spike type Floret development Grain yield |
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